IHgIIOJOHIj - World Health Organization Regional Office for Europe
IHgIIOJOHIj - World Health Organization Regional Office for Europe
IHgIIOJOHIj - World Health Organization Regional Office for Europe
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B1(nI04âJIH B ce6A 06y4eHHe pa311H4HbIM COUHanbHblM HaBbIKaM, C<br />
npeAOCTâsneHHeM TeXHHLieCKOH HHCliOpMauHH no aJIKOronIO H<br />
nOCne,gCTBIiAM ero nOTpe6neHHA. IIOAXOA COuHaJIbHOrO BJIHSIHHSI<br />
BKJIiOLiaeT B Ce6A B03AeFiCTBHA, HaueneHHble Ha npez(nonaraeMble<br />
CpaKTOpbI BnHAHHA Ha nOTpe6ReHHe âJlKoronA: noBeAeHHe<br />
cBepCTHHKOS; nOSeAeHHe poAHTeneli; cpeAcTSa MaCCOBON<br />
HH(lOpMauHH; o6y4eHHe HaBbIKaM npOTHBOCTOAHHA, noMoraioiuHM<br />
COnpOTHBJIATbCA AaBneHH10 npHHHMâTb HapKOTHKH; CHRbHble KOHTpapryMeHT6I<br />
HnH 1303M0)KHOCTb nonpaKTNKOBaTbCA B ânbTepHaTHBHOM<br />
nOBeAeHHH; 06y4eHHe )K143HeHHbIM HaBbIKaM, KOTOpble MOryT<br />
nOMOT-Ib CTyAeHTaM B npOTHBOCTOAHHH nOTpe6neHHIO HapKOTHKOB<br />
(Botvin, 1987; Hansen et al, 1988; Gerstein and Green,1993). Apyroii<br />
nOAXOA MeHee copi3eHTHposaH Ha BnHAHHe couxaJI6HOro oxppiCeHHA,<br />
a 6onee Ha BnHAHHe Ha R144HOCTb 4epe3 yny4HieHHe caMooueHKH,<br />
pa3BHTHe yMeHHA cnpaBHTbcA co cTpeccoM, 4epe3 npoACxeHHe<br />
CHCTeMbI ueHHOCTeii H pa3BHTHe yMeHHA npHHHMaTb peLUeHHA<br />
(Hansen et al, 1988: Gerstein and Green, 1993).<br />
HecMOTpA Ha 6on61tloe KO11144eCTSO Ouex04HbIX HCCneAOBaHHIi<br />
nporpaMM nepsH4HOii npO41HnaKTHKH B y4peKAeHHAx o6pa3osaHNA,<br />
AO CerOAHAIIIHerO AHA pe3yJlbTaTbl He Aa1OT nOBOAa ARA oIITHMH3Ma.<br />
B csoxx o63opax Staulcup et al. (1979), Goodstadt (1978, 1980,<br />
1989) H 3aTeM Moskowitz (1989) npHLIIRH K CXOAHOMy 3aKJII04eHIiIO.<br />
Ho MaTepHanaM nHTepaTypbl, KOTOpaA oueHHSaeT Ha4âR6Hyi0 H<br />
CpeAHIOIO CTyneHb o6pa3oBaTenbHblX nporpaMM CepeAHHb1 1980-x<br />
ro,gOB, Moskowitz cAenan cneAyloLuiie BbIBOA61. BO-nepBblX,<br />
06pa30BaTenbHble npOrpaMMbl B OCHOBHOM 6bI11H He344eKTHBHbI B<br />
npOCpHnaKTHKe noTpe6neHHA anKorORA; XOTA MHOrHe npOrpaMMbl<br />
6bInH yCneiHHbIMH B nnaHe nOBbILIIeHHA 3HaHHii, TOR6K0 HeKOTOpble<br />
nOBnHAnH Ha OTHoLHeHHe, H eH(C MeHbHlee HX 4HC110 nOBnHARO Ha<br />
nOTpe6neHHe. BO-BTOp6IX, 60116LHHHCTBO HCCneAOBaHHii CTpaAaIOT<br />
Cepbe3HbIMH MeTOA0110rH4eCKHMH HeAOCTaTKaMH, 4TO nOApblBaeT<br />
1303MO)iCHOCTb AenaTb BbIBOAbI 06 344eKTHBHOCTH npOrpaMMbi. B-<br />
TpeT6HX, B 60nbHIHHCTBe OueHOK He OnpeAenAIOTCA uenH H 3aAa414<br />
nporpaMMbl, He OnHCblsaeTCA HaCeneHHe, H36paHHOe o6'beKTOM<br />
AeiiCTBHA. l'iOnee TOrO, A0KJIaAbI coo6LuâJIH TOnbKO O BHeIIIHeM<br />
OniicaHHH nporpaMM H HccneAoBaHHA He oueHlisaJlH 11011HOTy<br />
BbIHORHeHH51 nporpaMMbl (Moskowitz, 1989).<br />
CaMble nOCneAHHe HCCneAOBaHHA BKJII04a1oT HeKOTOpble<br />
pa60TbI, KOTOpble o6pautaloTCA KO MHOrHM yKâ3aHH6IM<br />
254
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