IHgIIOJOHIj - World Health Organization Regional Office for Europe

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K nOBpC)ICJJeHHtO no'ITH Ka)KJjOf3 TKaHH H CHCTeMbI opraHH3Ma C
nocnej[yiOII(eFi JJnHTenbHOfl HeTpyJJOCII0006HOCTbrO HRH XpOHH'IecKHM
3a60neBaHHeM, BHe3anHOfl eMepTbIO H 60nbIIIHMH 3aTpaTaMH cny)K6
3ApaBOOXpaHeHHA (Lieber 1982). K HeraTHBHbIM BRHAHHAM TaKOrO
THna OTHOCATCA: OCJIO)KHeHHA HâHOCAIL[He BpeJJ HepBH014 CHCTMC H
npHBOJJALL(He K pa3nH'IHbIM THnaM HapyLLIeHHN MO3rOBOH
AeATenbxocTH H nepwtlepHiixblM HBPHTM (Victor et al. 1989);
BbICOKOe KpOBAHOe J1,aBneHHe, CepJJe'IHble 3a60neBaHHA H HHCynbT
(Saunders et al. 1981; Preedy and Richardson 1994); ocno)KHeHHA B
6pioIIlHOIi nonocTH, TaKHC KaK XpOHH4eCKHfi naxxpeaTHT (Sherman
and Williams 1994, Benjamin et al. 1977); pax poTosofi nonocTH H
ropTaHH, rnoTKH, nHII(esoJla, )xenyJjKa, ne'ieHH, npAMOii KHIIlKH H
xcexcxofi rpyJ1H (International Agency for Research on Cancer 1988).
Cei%I4ac npOHCxOJjHT MeJJneHHOe HaxonneHHe 4:laKTos, roBOpAILjHx o
TOM, 'ITO âJIKOrOnbHble np06neMbl MOryT TaK)Ke npoABnATbCA BO
MHOrHX JipyrHX (DOpMaX: Ko)KHble 3a60neBaHHA (Higgins et al. 1992),
31-IJJOKpHHHble HapyuleHHA (Marks 1981; Van Thiel and Gavaler
1990), HapyLLIeHHA KpoBH (Lieber 1982), 3a6onesaHHA MblunJ (Peters
et al. 1985), 3a6onesaHHA KOCTH (Spencer et al. 1986), Hapyn.IeHHA
HMMyHHO1%I CHCTeMbI (Dunne 1989) - BOT nHÜlb HeKOTOpbie gonon-
HHTenbHble HapyIIICHHSi 143 CnHCKa, KOTOpblfr npOJjonACaeT
yBenH'iHBaTbCA.
LITO KaCaeTCA nCHXOnorNYecKHX nOCneJJCTBHN, anKOr'Onb pe3Ko
HapylllaeT MHOrHe acneKTbi nCHXOMOTOpHbIX H n03HâsaTenbHblX H
CpyHKI(Hfl. HapyuleHHe 3MOL(HOHâJIbHOTO KOHTpOJIA MO)KeT npHSeCTH
K npOABneHHIO )KeCTOKOCTH no OTHOnIeHHK) K J(pyrHM (Martin 1992).
AJIKOrOnb HMeeT cyLgecTSeHHOe OTHOIUeHHe K HaHeCeHHIo
yMbllIIneHHbIX nOBpeNCJJeHHr%I ce6e H cosepuleHHio caMOy6HfrcTB
(Murphy and Wetzel 1990; Hawton et al. 1989). HepeJJKHM
nocneJJcTBHeM JJnHTenbHOro 3noynoTpe6neHH2 anxoroneM ABnAeTCA
KpaTKOSpeMexHaA noTepA naMATH H, pe)Ke, 6onee onpeJjenexxaA
KapTHHa cna6oyMHA (Lishman et al. 1987). ATIA 60nbHHl[ 3HaKOMbI,
XOTA McHee H3BeCTHbI cpeJJH Hâ.ceneHHA, TaKHe CHHJJpOMbI, KaK 6enaA
ropA'IKa, aJIKOTOnbHble raJInK)LJHHaLJHH, npHCTynbl a6CTHHeHL(HH
(Isbell et al. 1955; Schuckit 1985). AnKOronbaaA 3aBHCHMOCTb
ABRAeTCA OCHOBHbIM nCHXO6HOJIOrH'recKHM OCJIO)KHeHHeM, KOTOpOe
MO)KeT 6bITb CneJJCTBHeM 'Ipe3MepHOro ynoTpe6ReHHA anKOrORA,
npHBOJJALqerO 3aTCM K COXpaHeHHIO 3n0ynOTpe6neHHA anKorOneM C
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