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Toil ?foe cTpaHe. HanpHMep, 3ax0H B cDHHnsIHAHH onpejjenAeT ypOBeHb CAK B 150 Mr% (no CpasHexHlo c 25 Mr% jjnA jjopor), a nposepxa .iZblxaxHSI Ha BOjjaX npoBOAHTCSI Ha o3ëpax B nepHOjj neTHHX MecSIueB. CxoAHasl nporpaMMa oCTaxOBKH H nposepKH npoBOjjnnacb B CiiiA npH6pexcxoli CJryxC6oii. OckleKT TaKHX 3aKOHOB o6 ypOBHe CAK Ha KOnHLIeCTBO nOj(OLIHbIX KaTaCTpOCl) HIM CMepTenbHblX HeCLIaCTHbIX CnyLlaeB CHCTeMHO He H3yLIanCA. 7.4 AJIKOROJ1b M rPA)K,gAHCKASI ABV1AlAU1A Bo3jjeliCTBHe anxoronsl Ha HaBbIKH nHnoTHposaxxsl H BOxcjjeHHA caMoneTa ABnsIeTCSI 3HaLIHTenbxblM (Billings et al., 1991). Bbino nojjCLIHTaHO, LITO 30% CMepTenbHO TpaBMHpOBaHHbIX nHJIOTOB LIaCTHbIX CaMOneTOB 6b1nH B COCTOAHHH OnbAHeHHA (Holdener, 1993; Gunby, 1984). PHCK BO3HHKHOBeHHA CBA3aHHbIX C anKOrOneM KpynHblX KaTaCTpocli COCTaBJISIeT npejjMeT onaceHHA Ana KOMMepT-ieCKOli aBHauHH H, npejjnonaraeTCA, LITO nHJIOTbI jjonx
7.5 OfPAHV14EHV1A no MECTY f10TPE6J1EHVIA AJ1K0r011A 11onNTNKa 3anpelljeHNSi noTpe6nSIT6 CniipTHOe B onpeAenexxblx MecTâX npMMeHAeTC51 B pa3nMt1HbIX liaCTAX MMpa. B CeBepHOH AMepHKe 3T0 O6bI1IHO 11pOBOANJ1OCb B paMKaX 3aKOHOB npOTHB ny6nNiiHOrO nbAHCTBa (NHOPAa, LITO6bI npeAOTBpaTNTb OnbAHeHMe Ha n1oAAx). He TaK j[aBHO, KaK LIaCTb nOnMTMKM 061ueCTBeHHOM 6e3onacHocTN, 6bIJIO BBeAeHO 3anpeL[jeHNe 11oTpe6n51Tb anxoronb B napxax, MecTax OTu61Xa, TaxiiX KaK nnSDK, Ha pa6o9Nx MecTax HJIH B aBTOM06NnSIX. O6CyxcAeHMe OrpaHNLIeHHIi noTpe6neHHA CnHpTHOCO B 06HtecTBeHHbIX McCTaX B KaHaAe 6bIna nposeuexo Giesbrecht M Douglas (1990), Murray H Douglas (1988), rue 3TH Mepbl paCCMaTpHBaIOTcSI, KaK CpeRCTBO COKpaTNTb KOHIIInMKT6I H HaCNnNe B 061I1eCTBeHHbIX napKaX H CHH3HTb yXyAHIeHNe HaBbIKOB ynpaBneHNA y BoJZNTeneN, Bble3)KaK)Ii1NX 143 napKa, rAe BO3MMiCHbI BbIHNBKM. OUeHKa TaKON MyHHI.jNnanbHON 11OJ114TNKN B 3anaAHOM OHTapMO 6bina nposeuena Gliksman et al. (1990). B noABeprHyroM 3KCnepNMeHTy paHoHe cywecTBOBana noBblHlexnoe o6n.tecTBeHHOe noHNMaHNe 3THX orpaHNileHNH H noablLneHHOe )KenaHMe nOA11NHATbCA HM 6e3 KaKMX-11H60 N3MeHeHHH KOHTpOJ151. 3TH AâHHble rlpeJjCTaBNnN nepBOHaiIanbHble AOKa3aTenbCTSa, 7iTO 1110AM He 06513aTenbH0 npOTNBOCTOAT MeCTHOH nOJINTHKe OrpaHNLIeHMA nOTpe6neHMA anKOrOnSI B MCCTaX 061I.AeCTBeHHOrO OTAbIXa. RO CMX nop He CyIIteCTByeT KOHTpOnbHOH OIjeHKM 343(tieKTOB 3T01'O pO.Ija OrpaHMHeHNH Ha CB513aHHble C anKOrOneM CO6bITN5I B 061HeCTBeHHbIX McCTaX NnM BJINAHNA Ha nocneuylolltNe CnyLIaM BO)KAeHNA B HeTpe3BOM COCTOAHMN. CTauNOHbI BcerO MNpa ABJIA1OTCA McCTOM HINpOKOMâcHITa6HOH CNOpTNBHOH AeATenbHOCTN n1oAeH. K TOMy )Ice, OHM ABnAIOTCA BCë 6011ee Bâ)ICHbIM NCTOiiHHKOM AOXOAa, BKnK)LIaA npM66lnb OT npOAa)ICM anKOrOJIA. rOpAOCTb 3a KOMaHuy, KOrAa oHa COBMeH(aeTCA C nOTpe6neHMeM anKOrOJIA, MONCeT BpeMeHaMN BbInNTbCA B 6yHHOe, Bpaxcue6Hoe I11114 HaCNnbCTBeHHOe noBeueHMe. B CTpaHaX, rixe 06H(enpNHATbIM CpeACTBOM e3A6I AO cTauNOHa SIBJISIeTCA nM4HbIH aBTOM061,111b, BO)Ic.ZjeHMe B HeTpe3BOM moue MO)KeT 6bITb u06aBneHO K BO3M0)KHbIM HenpNATHbIM nOCneuCTBMAM C4MTaiOn(erOCA npNATHbIM OTubIXa. B pe3ynbTaTe BO MHOI'NX CNOpTMBHbIX COOpy)KCHMAX 3anpelueHO nOTpe6neHMe H npouaxca anxoronA, HAN npouaxca 229
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AJIKOrOJIbHasi IIOJIHTHKa H o6wecTS
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O63op NccneAoBaHNf-1 ponN anKOrOJIA
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cTpaHaMH, xax bpa.3HnHA (Brazillian
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Ta6nNl{a 1.5. 3KOHOMN4eCKV1e 3aTpaT
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ABnAeTCA neranbHblM HanHTKOM, KOTOp
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HCCneAOBaHHAX, HO He B BHAe LIIFipo
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Consumption of Alcohol, Tobacco and
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HELZER J.E. AND CANINO G.J. ed. (19
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NAKAMURA K., TANAKA A. AND TAKANO T
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SMART R.G. AND MANN R.E. (1992) Alc
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Ta6nHua 2.1. YpoBeHb norpe6neHvlA a
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BHHO IIHBo 100 " 0 0 50 100 ICpeHKH
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Smart (1991) coo611jaeT, LITO MHorn
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nnaHHposaHKA BOnpOCy HeT. O6bILiHO
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SPRING J.A. AND BUSS D.H. (1977) Th
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Sc o.latrlolÂllalro 34Ir0141xou H
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3.4 IIOTPE6J1EHVIE AJ1KO1-OJ1A M BE
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HCcneliOBâHHSiX npe,ijCTasneH npHB
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1992). TaKHM O6pa3OM, BbIACHHJIOCb,
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3.7 f10TPE6J1EHVIE AJ1KOt-01151, HE
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CIIVICOK J1VITEPATYPbI: ANDERSON P.
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GILL J.S., ZZEZULKA A.V., SHIPLEY M
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LONGNECKER M.P., BERLIN J.A. ORZA,
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ROOM R. (1983b) Sociological aspect
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CMepTenbHblM HCXOAOM C ApyrOli. gOI
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4.4 COBOKYIIHOE I1OTPE6J1EHIilE, CB
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CIlV1COK JIVITEPATYPbI: AGARWAL D.
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MAC ANDREW C. AND EDGERTON R.B. (19
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CIINCOK JIVITEPATYPbI: ALTMAN D.G.
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GROSSMAN M. AND COATE D. AND ARLUCK
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PREST A.R. (1949) Some experiments
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Page 189 and 190: 8L1 H aHHaLrgadlOU 010 EH 4IK14irao
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Page 217 and 218: AND OSTERBERG, E. (1975) Alcohol co
Page 219 and 220: HOADLEY J.F., FUCHS, B.C. & HOLDER,
Page 221 and 222: MAXWELL D.M. (1981) Impact Analysis
Page 223 and 224: available options and an assessment
Page 225 and 226: SMART R. AND WHTIE W.J. (1972) Effe
Page 227 and 228: 6E3OI1ACHOCTb O61ItECTBA Vl f1OTPE6
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Page 237: Ha yxpenneHHe noAxona "Ha3HaLtexne
Page 241 and 242: anKOCOnA npo6neM MoryT npxxecTH nOn
Page 243 and 244: BOVENS R. (1987) Alcohol program: A
Page 245 and 246: HOMEL R. (1988) Policing and Punish
Page 247 and 248: Effects on psychomotor performance.
Page 249 and 250: VOTEY H. AND SHAPIRO P. (1983) High
Page 251 and 252: B pa3Aene 8.1 6y1teT cAenaH 0630p Z
Page 253 and 254: HeCMOTpSr Ha ace 3TFr np06neMbl, He
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Page 269 and 270: oueHKe H30nHpoBaHHbIX, HOHynApHbIX
Page 271 and 272: BOTVIN G.J. (1987) Factors Inhibiti
Page 273 and 274: GERBNER G., GROSS L. & MORGAN M. (1
Page 275 and 276: KOHN P.M., SMART R.G. & OGBORNE A.C
Page 277 and 278: RUBIN A. (1986) Uses, gratification
Page 279 and 280: 9 11/I HrgV1 B V1,gYAJ1 b H O OPVIE
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HOHi3MaHI15I anxoronbxbIX Ilpo6neM.
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CHICK J., LLOYD G. AND CROMBIE E. (
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term study with randomized controls
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SMART R., MANN, R.E. AND ANGLIN L.
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HanpaBneHIiSIM, TaKHM KaK, HanpNMep
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