IHgIIOJOHIj - World Health Organization Regional Office for Europe

Ha yxpenneHHe noAxona "Ha3HaLtexne BonHTenA", noxa3anH
nOBbILUeHHe LLHcna coo6LueHHil o6 yLiaCTHH B TaKHX nOnbITKaX
>KHTeneli CHIA, HO 3T0 nOBbILUeHHe He MO>KeT 6bITb 6e30r0B0pOLIHO
npunHcano oco6oH peKnaMe 3TOro nonxona (DeJong and Winsten,
1989). KpHTHKH pelueHHA "Ha3HaLIeHI35I BoAi3TeneM" npeAnonaraloT,
LITO 3T0 MO>KeT CnOCO6CTBOBaTb LIpe3MepHOMy H He6e30nacHOMy
noTpe6neHnlo cpeAH npyrHx yLIaCTHiiKOB rpynnbl H MoxceT
nOApbIBaTb aHTI-IâJIKOrOnbHble peKOMeHnaL[HH AnSI MOJIOne>iCH
(DeJong and Wallack, 1992). KOHTpOnbHble OL(eHKÜ 34)(tieKTa
cTpaTerHH "Ha3HaLIexxe BOAHTeneM" Ha coxpaH.teHHe CB5I3aHHbIX c
anKOrOneM aBTOKaTaCTpO(I), OTCyrCTByIOT.
7.3 AJIKOrO11b V1 BO)MEHV1E 11O,11KV1
BWKAeHHe nOAKH H HoTpe6nenlie anKOrOnA TOnbxO B nOCnenHHe
roAbl 6bino npli3HaHO npo6neMol3 o6LLrecTBexxoÎI 6e3onacxoCTii B
cTpaHax, rAe KaTaHHe Ha nOAKe SIBJIAeTCSI OCHOBHbIM BHAOM OTAbIXa.
B(13HHnAHAHH B 60nee nOJIOBHHbI, a B HeKOTOpbIX pai70HaX no 75%
ncex CMepTenbHblX CnyLlaeB npH BO>KneH1-iFi nOAKH npOH3OIilnO npH
5103HTHBHOM yposxe CAK y yLIaCTHHKOB (Pikkarainen and Penttila,
1990). Ee30naCHOCTb BO>KneHHA MOTOpHbIX nOAOK SIBnSIeTCSI, TaKHM
06pa30M, 065IaCTblo 06LLjeCTBeHHON O6eCIIOKOeHHOCTH B 0:13HHnSIHnHH.
libIJIO 06Hapy>KeHO, LITO Cpenii ynpasnRloujl-Ix nOAKOIi nloneN,
CTaBHIHX yLiaCTHHKaMH HeCLIaCTHbIX cnyLlaeB B CIllA, 50% nHnH
cnllpTHble HanHTKH (National Transportation Safety Board, 1993), a B
TeLIeHHe AByxneTHerO H3yLieHHA B LIITaTe KanH(tiOpHHSI 6bIJI0
O6Hapy>KeHO, LITO ânKOrOnb ABnAeTCA (f)aKTOpOM aBapHI3HOCTH B 59 %
HeCLIaCTHbIX CnylaeB npH KaTaHHH Ha MOTOpHOil nOAKe (California
Department of Boating and Waterways). I'nasxOï-i npHLIHHoH cMepTH
nloneH, yTOHyBLIIHX B pe3ynbTaTe HecLiacTHOro CnyL-IaA npH KaTaHHH
Ha nOAKe, LI3CT0 ABnAETCA BbICOKHH ypOBEHb CAK. B-HHnAHAHH B
70% BCeX HeCLIaCTHbIX cnyLlaes ripa BO>KneHHH nOAKH, yTOHyBII1He
HMenH yposexb 6onee 10 Mr% (Pikkarainen and Penttila, 1991).
Howland H Hingson (1988) npoBenH o6LLtHl3 o63op
HCCneAOBaTenbcKHX naHHbIX no anKOrOnIO H yTOnneHHHKaM,
BK1I011a5I nOAOLIHbIC KaTacTpO(Ibl.
B HeKOTOpbIX HHAyCTpHanbHbIX cTpaHâX 3aKOHOM yCTaHaBnHBanCA
npenenbHbll4 ypOBeHb CAK nJIA BOAHTeneH nOAKH, XOTA OH 06bILIHO
BbILLIe, LIeM yCTaHOBneHHblli ypOBeHb nnA BO>KAeHHSI aBTOMO6Hn51 B
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