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IHgIIOJOHIj - World Health Organization Regional Office for Europe

IHgIIOJOHIj - World Health Organization Regional Office for Europe

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HaKa3aHHii 3a BO)KAeHHe B HeTpe3BOM COCTOAHilH MO)KeT 6bITb<br />

cHI-vKeHa, ecnH CyAbH HnH npHCAxcxble 6yuyr pacCMaTpHBaTb<br />

HaKa3aHide, KaK LIpe3MepHOe H, TâKHM O6pa3OM, HeOXOTHO O6BHHATb<br />

H51H BbIHOCHTb npHrosop. ECTb OCHOBaHHA nonaraTb, vTo yrpo3a<br />

TIOpeMHOrO 3aKnlOiieHFi5I MO)KeT O6naAaTb 0006bIM CAep)KHBaK)IIjHM<br />

3(p(beKTOM, XOTA 3TOT 34)(tieKT, BII,TZHMO MeHbnIe nOTeHIjHanbH0r0<br />

3(14eKTa npHOCTaHOBKH j(eFiCTBHA npaB (Voas, 1986, Ross, 1985).<br />

7.1.4 Jl@4@HN@ 17FO,g@N, MHOrOKpaTHO HapyWNBWNX 3aKOH<br />

O BO)KA@HHH B H@Tp@3BOM COCTOAHHN, KaK np@B@HTNBHaA<br />

CTpaT@rIAA<br />

.1110Ai3, KoTOpbie nOABeprnHCb Haxa3aHFiIO 3a BO)KAeHHe B<br />

HeTpe3BOM COCTOAHHH 6onee TIeM OAHH pa3, oC06eHH0 3a KOpoTKNN<br />

nepllOA BpeMeHH, CKOpee BcerO, MHOrO nbK)T. B pe3ynbTaTe neTleHHe<br />

MO)KeT 6bITb Ha3Ha4eHO CyAOM KaK TIaCTb ilni! anbTepHaTHBa<br />

TiOpeMHOMy 3aKnIOTieHHIo. KpaTKHe 3aMeTlaHHA 06 3(14eKTHBHOCTH<br />

Ha3HaTMeHHOrO CyAOM neTIeHHA npHBOAATCA nO3)Ke B rnase 9 B<br />

KOHTeKCTe 6051ee HIHpOKOIi AHCKyCCHH 06 34)(beKTHBHOCTH neTleHliA.<br />

.11eTleHHe nK)Aeii, MHOëOKpaTHO HapyIIIFiBIIIi-iX 3aKOH O BO)K,TjeHHH<br />

B HeTpe3BOM COCTOAHilH ABnAeTCA npHMepOM napaAOKCa<br />

np0(pHnaKTHKH. TaKHe BOAHTenH, ilMeA BbICOKyK) CTeneHb nHTIHOrO<br />

pHCKa, He CO3AaK)T 60nbHIHHCTBa CB513aHHbIX C ânKOrOneM npo6neM<br />

(Perrine, Peck and Fell 1989). CAepxcHBaHHe 6yAymero so)iCAexHA B<br />

HeTpe3BOM COCTOAHHi! CpeAH BcerO HaCeneHilA, TaKilM O6pa3OM,<br />

ABnAeTCA HaH60nee 3(I(beKTHBHOii CTpaTerHeiï.<br />

7.2 HA3HA4EHVIE BO,gNTEJ1EM<br />

OAHOii H3 cTpaTerHii COKpameHHA CB513aHHbIX C anKOrOneM<br />

aBTOKaTaCTpo(l), ABnAeTCA Ha3HaTieHHe OnpeAenëHHOrO TlneHa AaHHOH<br />

rpynnbi nioAeH, KOTOpble co6HpaioTCA BMeCTe sbinHTb, BoAHTeneM,<br />

KOTOpbIÎ! He 6yAeT nHTb Hni! BbinbeT nHIIlb HeMHOrO. l'1CHOnb3OBaHHe<br />

"Ha3HaTleHHOrO BOAIiTenA" ABn51eTC5I nonynApHOi%I CTpaTerHeii BO<br />

MHOrHX cTpaHaX. AnbTepHaTHBOi%I ABnAeTCA CTpaTerHA 6e30naCHOiï<br />

e3AbI, KOrAa nblOn.[He HaHHMaIOT KOrO-51H60 N51H HM 06ecneTlHBaK)T<br />

HanHTIHe BO3MO)KHOCTH 6e3onaCHO AOeXaTb OT MecTa BbIHHBKH AO<br />

AoMa (Apsler, 1988). geMOHCTpauHOHHble npOrpaMMbl, HalueneHHble<br />

226

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