05.04.2013 Views

IHgIIOJOHIj - World Health Organization Regional Office for Europe

IHgIIOJOHIj - World Health Organization Regional Office for Europe

IHgIIOJOHIj - World Health Organization Regional Office for Europe

SHOW MORE
SHOW LESS

Create successful ePaper yourself

Turn your PDF publications into a flip-book with our unique Google optimized e-Paper software.

OnpOUleHbl KpaTKO B npOBepo4HOM [IyHKTe H HX peanbHblli ypOBeHb<br />

O[1bAHeHMA He 6bin 06Hapy>KeH.<br />

"LIeulNpcxNH 611NTu" (Ross, 1977) npeAOCTasnsleT Aannble o6<br />

34)(l)exTe nOBCeAHeBHOTO HaA3opa noJINuNN. ,aelICTB[ie AKTa no<br />

6e3onacHocTH Aopor BeJINKO6pHTaHNN 1967 r. 6b1JIO BOCCTaxOBJIeHO<br />

B 3TOM OAHOM OKpyre rnaBHbIM KOHCTe6JIeM, KOTOpbI[i npMKâ3an<br />

CBOHM OCtNIJ;epaM npOBepATb AbIXaH11e BCeX BOA11TenefI - yl-IaCTHNKOB<br />

asapNli [HIN KorAa KTO-JIN60 6b[JI B11HOBHbIM B AOpOmKHOM<br />

HapyuIeHMM, H BbIS[CHATb eCTb Jill 3AeCb BO3Ae[iCTBMe aJIKOTOJIA. 3Ta<br />

nOJINTiiKa np11sena K HeMeAneHHOMy cOKpau(eHNK) Cepbe3HbIX H<br />

CMepTeJIbHbIX TpaBM, HO 6blJla npeKpauleHa 4epe3 MeCAu H3-3a<br />

AaBneH11A O6weCTBeHHOCTN. 3TOT cny4ali IiTIJI[OCTpNpyeT, LITO Mepbl<br />

nOnMu11M no BbInOJIHeHN[O 3aKOHa, 'mime KaK O6uINpHble<br />

Bb160p04Hble nposepKM BoANTeneïa, 3aBNCAT OT 06u1eCTBeHHOM<br />

noA,itep>KKN. IZOAsep>KaHNe MOTNBa111411 nOJINL[NN Tame BaXCHO, a<br />

nOnMueIiCKMe, KOTOpble ycneuIHO pa60TalOT 110 BbI110JIHeHMIO 3aKOHa<br />

B uenAX CAepXCNBaHNA HeTpe3BbIX BOA11Teneli, MOryT, TM He McHee,<br />

MCnbITblBaTb pa3o4apOBaHNe 113-3a yMeHbuIeHNA 4NCJIa BOAMTene{7,<br />

KOTOpbIX OHM apeCTOBbIBaIOT 3a BO>ICAeH11e B HeTpe3BOM COCTOAH11M<br />

(Homel, 1988).<br />

ypOBeHb aJIKOI'OJIbHOrO OnbAHCHNA npoCpeCC11OHanbHblX<br />

BOANTeJIeN ABJIAeTCA 0006oIi 3a6oTON BO MHOrMX NHAyCTpNâJIbHbIX<br />

CTpaHaX. r1OJIaraIOT, 4TO np0[kCCMOHanbHble BOANTeJIH AOJI>KHbI<br />

[111Th MaJ10, TaK KaK âJIKOrOJIb HeCOBMecTMM C BO>ICAeHMeM. B CILIA<br />

AOnyCTNMbIIi [1peAen CAK ARA npOCpecCNOHâJIbHbIX BOANTeJIeli<br />

rpy3OB11KOS ropa3Ao HH>Ke ypOBHA AJIA HenpOs4)ecCNOHâJIbHbIX<br />

BoA11Teneli (Committee on Benefits and Costs of Alternative Federal<br />

Blood Alcohol Concentration Standards <strong>for</strong> Commercial Vehicle<br />

Operators, 1987).<br />

AJIKoronb H 6e3onacHocTb Ha AOpOraX He OrpaH11411BaeTCA<br />

TOnbKO BOnpOCOM O BOAMTenAX. lZpOrynKa B HCTpe3BOM COCTOSIHMM<br />

Tame MO>KeT np11HeCTM BpeA. B 11ccneAOBaHM11, npOBeAeHHOM B<br />

AHrnNN, 6bIJ10 06Hapy>KeHO, LITO nonaBUl11e B aBap11[O neuleXOAbI,<br />

TaK xce KaK H TpaBMNpOBaHHble BOANTenM, NMenM B6ICOKMIi ypOBeHb<br />

anKOrOJIA B KpOBH, B COOTHOU1eHMM 5 K 7 (Everest, 1993;<br />

Holubowycz, McLean and Kloeden, 1993). B CLllA 50% cMepTeli<br />

B3pocnhlX neu[exoAos npHxOANTCA Ha neulexo,gos C yposueM CAK<br />

100 Mr% H Bhlule (Blomberg and Fell, 1979). B TO spew' KaK BO<br />

MHOFHX 4aCTAX MMpa nbAHCTBO B O6ujeCTBeHHOM MecTe MONCeT<br />

223

Hooray! Your file is uploaded and ready to be published.

Saved successfully!

Ooh no, something went wrong!