IHgIIOJOHIj - World Health Organization Regional Office for Europe
IHgIIOJOHIj - World Health Organization Regional Office for Europe
IHgIIOJOHIj - World Health Organization Regional Office for Europe
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BbIHOJIHeHHSI 3aKOHa no Be4epaM B BbIXOJ(Hble JjHH (10-KpaTHOe<br />
yBenI-IT-IeHHe), BCTyrIHna B JjeicTBHe C 1 slxaapsl 1976 r. C KOHua 1975 r.<br />
J[o KoHua 1976 ro HOBOBBeJjeHHSI nporpaMMbl xopomo oCBeIIjanHCb B<br />
MecTHOi3 npecce. B nepiioJ[ 3TOFi (1)a3bl "rnacxoCTH" yposexb<br />
KaTaCTpO(p CHH3HJICSI Ha 25%, TaK KaK B o6LLjecTSe HOBbICHJIOCb<br />
0003HaHHe pHCKa 6bITb apecTOBaHHbIM. B cneRylouleM roJjy<br />
OCBeujeHHe npOrpaMM6I COKpaTHnOCb H BOJjHTeneH npOBepAnH CBOH<br />
O)KHJjaHHSI B HenOCpeJjCTBeHHbIX KOHTaKTaX C nonHLjHeI%I Ha J[OporaX.<br />
B nepHOJj 3TOIi Cpa3bl "peaJIbHbIX npOBepOK" KOnH4eCTBO HO4HbIX<br />
aBapHFI ysenH4HJIOCb, HO He JjocTHrno JjonporpaMMHOro ypOBHSI. B<br />
nepHOJj (Pa3bI "npHBblKaHiisi", KoTOpasl JjnHnacb nocneJjHHe 18<br />
MecslLjeB nporpaMMbl, KOrJja Mepbl no ocBeujenxio 0o6bITHii<br />
OCTaBanHCb peJjKHMH, KOnHLieCTBO HO4HbIX aBTOKaTaCTpOc13 B<br />
BbIXOJjHble 6bIJIO Ha 10% mince J[OnpOrpaMMHOrO nepHOJja. HanH4He<br />
JjOHOJIHHTenbHbIX naTpyneH npHSeno K COKpaujeHHlo BO)K,LIeHHSI B<br />
HeTpe3BOM COCTOSIHHH He3aBHCHMO OT nepsoHa4ânbHOro OCBeujeHHSI<br />
(Voas and Hause, 1987).<br />
Oco3HaHne pHCKa 6bITb 06HapyxCeHHbIM He 3aBHCHT npOCTO OT<br />
KOnH4eCTBa cneJjslujHx 3a BbInonxeHHeM 3aKOHa noni4ueNCKHX, HO<br />
TaKNCe OT TeXHHKH, KOTOpyIO OHH HCHOnb3yIOT. r1pOBepKa CAK<br />
BOJjHTensl, C HCnonb30BaHNeM nOpTaTHBHOrO npH6opa nposepKH<br />
JIbIXaHHSI Ha HanH4He anKOrOnsi, nOKa3ana ce6x 344eKTHBHbIM<br />
CpeJjCTBOM 06Hapy)KeHHSI BOJjHTenSI B COCTOSIHHH OnbSIHeHHSi. KorJja<br />
nOnHLjHSI BO MHOrHX cTpaHaX onNpaeTCA Ha BHeIIlHHe npN3HaKH,<br />
TaKHe KaK Hepa360p4HSa5I pe4b, 6neCTSILIjHe rna3a HAM 3anaX<br />
anKOrOJIA, OnpeJjeneHHe MO)KeT 6bITb HeHaJje)KHbIM, a CJjep)ICHBaHHe,<br />
TaKHM 06pa3oM, He CTOnb 3(14eKTHBHbIM. Taubenslag H Taubenslag<br />
(1975) nHluyT O nonbITKaX ycHneHHSI BbIHOJIHeHHIO JjOpO)KHbIX<br />
3axox0s Ha Jjoporax nonHljel-ICKHMH BO CI:nopHJje, rJje nposepxa<br />
JjblxaHHSI nposoJjHnacb y BCeX soJjHTeneÎ3, KOTOpbIX naTpynb<br />
OCTaxaBnHBan, npOBOJjHn 06bI4HyI0 nposepxy (BOJjHTenbcxi3e npaBa,<br />
3anep)ICaHHe 3a BO)iCj(exxe B HeTpe3soM COCTOSIHHH HnH JjpyroH<br />
nepe4eub) H 3TM OTnyCKan BOJjHTenSI. OHH 06Hapy)ICHJIH, 4TO<br />
TOnbKO OJJHH H3 4eT6IpeX BOnHTeneIi C ypOBHeM CAK 60nee 100 Mr%<br />
6bInH JjeHCTBHTenbHO apeCTOBaHbI. gpyrHe 6bInH OTnyujeHbi nocne<br />
MHHHManbHOrO OnpOOa. 3TOT pe3ynbTaT nOJ[Jjep)KHBa1OT Vingilis,<br />
Adlaf H Chung (1982), KoTOpble o6Hapyx(HnH, 4TO B Kaxa,ge 95%<br />
BoJjHTeneii c yposxeM 6onee 80 Mr% (HpeJjen no 3aKO1-Iy) 6bInH<br />
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