IHgIIOJOHIj - World Health Organization Regional Office for Europe

CBA3aHHbIX C anKOFOneM AOpO)xHbIX aBapHg cpeAH Tog rpynnbi
HaceneHHA, KOTOpaA nonaAaeT non H3MeHeHHe; B TO spew, Kai(
nOBbIHIeHHe Bo3paCTHOro npenena coxpaluaeT nOAo6Hble asapHH.
l'1HTepeCHO, 7-ITO B HeCKOnbKHX HCCneAOBaHHAX 6bIJI0 06Hapy)KeHO,
TiTO nOBbInIeHHe BO3paCTHOro npeAena BCerAa npHBOjjHT K
HeMeAneHHOMy COKpanjeHHK) 06LL[er0 noTpe6neHHA anKOFOnA cpenH
BO3paCTHOg rpynnbl, nona,galolueg non Z[egcTBHe 3aKOHa. TeM He
McHee, HenaBHHe HCCneAOsaHHA cpeAH MOJIOAbIX nioneg Cesepnog
AMepHKH 06Hapy)KHnH AJIHTenbHbIg 34)(lleKT CHH)KeHHA nOTpe6neHHA
anKOFOnA y nBaAtjaTHneTHHX TaM, rne neranbHblli BO3paCTHOg npeAen
6bin nOBbILIIeH Ha OnHH ron (O'Malley and Wagenaar, 1991).
Biopo o6LLteg CTaTHCTHKH CHIA (GAO, 1987) 413y4I4JIO 32
COOTBeTCTBÿIOLLZHX HCCneAOBaHHA, HO MHOrHe H3 HHX 6buIH OLZeHeHbl,
KaK HarIHO He nOCTaTO9HO COCTOATenbHble, 4TO6bI BnHATb Ha
nOJIHTHLIeCKHe peineHHA. 1/I3 14 HCcnenOBaHHg, KOTOpble
ynOBneTBOpAJIH GAO n0 MeTOAOJIOFHi-IeCKHM KpHTepHAM, B 4-x
paCCMaTpHBanHCb aBapHH CO CMepTenbHblM HCXOAOM B HeCKOnbKHX
IIITaTaX, a B nATH - nOA06Hble aBapHH B OTAenbHbIX ulTaTaX (Arnold,
1985; DuMouchel, et al., 1985; Emery, 1983; Florida Department of
Community Affairs, 1983; Hingson, et al., 1983; Hoskin, et al., 1986;
Klein, 1981; Lillis, et al., 1984; Maxwell, 1981; Schroeder and
Meyer, 1983; Wagenaar, et al., 1981; Wagenaar, 1987; Williams, et
al., 1983). l'IccnenoBaHHA, rAe HCn011b30BanHCb Aaxxble H no
OTAenbHblM LIITTM H no HeCKOnbKHM II1TTM Cpa3y 06Hapy)KHnH
COKpaiIjeHHe KOJIHileCTBa CBA3aHHbIX C anKOroneM asapHg,
COBepLnëHHbIX MOJIOAbIMH BOAHTenAMH Ha 5% - 28%. GAO npHLnno K
3aKnioLieHHIO, LITO Cy1i[eCTByIOT HaAe)KHble HayLIHble AOKa3aTenbCTBa
Toro, LITO nOBb1HIeHHe npenena MHHHManbHOro B03paCTa nOKynKH
anKorOJIA COKpalIjaeT KOJIHLIeCTBO CBA3aHHbIX C anKOroneM AOpo)KI-ibIX
aBapHg, COBepIIIëHHbIX MOJIOAbIMH n10AbMH MOJIO)Ke 21 rOAa.
l'1CCneAOBaHHA no 3TOMy Bonpocy npOBOAHnHCb TaiOKe B KaHane,
CBA3aHHble c anxoroneM asapHH, cosepiuennbie 16-20-neTHHMH
BOAHTenAMH CaCKaTLIeBaHa 6bInH npoaHanH3HpoBaHbl Shattuck H
Whitehead (1976). IIocne CHH)KeHHA MHHHManbHOFO BO3paCTHOFo
npenena B 1972 r, Ha6nloAanocb nosbliIIeni3e KOnHLieCTBa CBA3axxbIX
C anKOroneM asapHg cpeAH 3TOg Bo3pacTHOg rpynnbl. Bako,
MacKenzie H Smith (1976) o6HapyxcHnH 6onee, tIeM 100%
nOBbILIIeHHe KOnHTIeCTBa aBTOKaTaCTpO(tl C (PaTâJIbHbIM HCXOAOM B
Anb6epTe CpeAH MOJIOAbIX BOAHTeneg, HMeBLHHX ypOBeHb anKOFOnA B
194