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Kpenxoro nxsa, oco6exxo MOJIORbIMH nIO,I1bMH (Government
Commission on Alcohol Policy, 1974, and Lenke 1990).
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111BeuHH AanO AOIIOJIHHTenbHble ,I(aHHble O pe3ynbTaTaX H3MeHeHH5I
cpopMbl AOCTynnoCTH aJixoronsl. Novai H Nilsson (1984)
o6HapyxcxnH, Lrro o6luee noTpe6nenHe anxoronsl B ll1BeuHH 6bino Ha
15% Bbllue, B nepHoA MexcAy 1965 H 1977 rr., xor,ga nHBo cpeAHeii
KpenOCTH MO)KHO 6bIJI0 KynHTb B CynepMapKeTaX, a He TOnbKO B
rOCyAapCTBeHHbIX CneuHânH3HpOBSHHbIX Mara3HHaX. r1OCne OTMeHbI
npoAa)KH nHBa CpeAHeii KpenOCTH B 1977 r. KOnHiieCTBO 06BHHeHHH B
HaCHnbCTBeHHbIX npecTynJIeHHAX, CpeAH AaHHOii Bo3paCTHOii rpynnbI
yMeHbuIHJIOCb, KaK H. KOnHiIeCTBO XynHraHCKHX HanaAeHHIi cpeAH
BceX BO3paCTOB.
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Ha BbIHOC, TaK H AnSI nOTpe6neHHSI Ha MeCTe, KaK BbISICHHJIOCb,
nooujpSleT nOTpe6neHHe. HanpHMep, BBeAeHHe npOAa)KH KpenKHX
CnHpTHbIX HanHTKOB nOCeTHTenSIM B 6apax, na6ax H pecTopaxax
CeBepHOii KapOnHHbI B nepBblii pa3 nocne OTMeHbI "cyxoro 3aKOHa"
nOBbICHJIO O6u.[ee noTpe6neHHe anxoronSl Ha 6,8%, a KOnHtIeCTBO
AOpO)KHbIX aBapHil, BO3HHKIiIHX no BHHe anKOrOnsi - Ha 16-24%
(Holder and Blose, 1987; Blose and Holder, 1987). 3To 6bino
HeyAHBHTenbxo, TaK KaK 3Ha4HTenbx0e LIHCnO BoAHTeneI3 CeBepHOii
AMepHKH C yXyAüleHHoii peaKuHeii H3-3a BnHSIHHSI anKOrOnsl
nOceujaK)T TaKHe 3aBeAeHHSI, HCIIOnb3ySl aBTOM0611JI14. O TeX we
pe3ynbTaTax coo61uaeT Hoadley et al (1984).
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anKOrOnbHbIMH HO coAep)KaHHe anKOrOnSI B KOTOpbIX OTHOCHTenbHO
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cOBCeM. r1peAHa3HaLIeHHe 3THX HanHTKOB COCTOHT B TOM, 11T06bI
COCTaBHTb npHBneKaTenbHyK) anbTepHaTHBy Avia nbIOmerO, npH
KOTOpOii npxcyTCTByeT n14I1Ib He6onbluaSl HRH Hynesasl CTeneHb
pHCKa BO3HHKHOBeHH5I anKOrOnbHbIX npO6neM.
Skog (1988) ananH3HpOBan 3(1)(1)eKT noslsneHHSI nHBa HH3KOii
KPflOCTM B HopserHH B MapTe 1985 T. H o6HapyxcHJl 11O3HTHBHy1O, HO
191