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nOHHMâHHe CJIOxCHbIX H B3aHMOneNCTByK)LLtHX Mexcny C060i3 LliaKTOpOB nOBeneHNA nbI011ter0 LienOBeKa H CBA3aHHOTO C 3THM nOBeneHHeM pNCKa. O,rZHHM H3 npNMepOB ABnAeTCA pa6oTa, OCHOBHaA CyTb KOTOpOii H3noxceHa B rnaBe 4, 0 B3aHMOCBA3H Mexcny H3MeHeHHeM B nOTpe6neHHH aJIKoronA HaceneHHeM H HaH6Onee BepOATHbIM BJIHAHHeM Ha ypoBeHb BO3HHKHOBeHNA pa3nN4HbIX TNHOB npo6neM. Apyroii npHiIHHOI%I y6excneH42, 4TO ceiiztac HaCTano nOnXOnAluee BpeMA nonblTaTbCA cnenaTb peBH3NIo, KoTOpyiO npennaraeT 3Ta KHHra, ABnSIeTCA noHNMaHNe Toro, 4TO cei%I4ac B MHpe Ha3pesalOT OnpenenëHHble H 3Ha4HTenbHble H3MeHeHNA O6CTaHOBKH, KOTOpble CnenaiOT yCTâHOBneHHe 34.14:/eKTHBHbIX BHnOB nOJIHTHKH He MeHee He06XOnHMbIM, HO, B HeKOTOpbIX Cny4aAX, 6o1Iee CJIOxCHbIM. 3neCb MbI MOxCeM COCnaTbCA, HanpHMep, Ha H3MeHeHHA, KOTOpble npONCxonAT B BOCTO4HOi%I EBpone B npoL(ecce npOnBHxceHHA 6bIBLLINX CTpaH COnHanHCTN4eCKOTO 6nOKa K 3KOHOMHKe CB060nHOTo pblHKa C nOcnenyiOiueN KOMMepL(HanN3aLweN npON3BOnCTBa H CHa6xCeHHA anKOroneM, XOTA aJIKOTOnb 4aCT0 nOpOxCnan o6nlHpHble npo6neMbl H BO BpeMA npenbinylijHX pexcNMOB (Simpura and Tigerstedt 1992). OTMeHa TapNC13HbIX 6apbepoB B npenenax EBponeNcKoro coo6LL[eCTBa H yBenN4eHHe KOnH4ecTBa 4neHOB Coo6luecTBa Talcxce, cxopee Bcero, ocna6NT KOHTpOnb Ha anKOTOnbHOM pblHKe B 3ananHOii EBpone. B CKaHnNHaBNH N CeBepHON AMepNKe TaKHe McXaHH3MbI pbIHO4HOTO KOHTpOnA, KaK MOHOHOnHN Ha anKOTOnb, 6bInN OTMeHeHbI HAM CTanH McHee CTpOTNMH. Pa3BHBaIOIuHFICA MNp, TeM BpeMeHeM, npOnOnxcaeT nOnBepraTbCA orpOMHOMy naBneHHIO CO CTOpOHbI COL(No-KynbTypHbIX H pbIHO4HbIX CNn, KOTOpOe, CKOpee BCero, 060CTpAT H yBenN4aT ypoBeHb CBA3aHHbIX C anKOrOneM npo6neM (Maula et al. 1990). ToprOBble COTnaLIIeHHA, npecnenyA KOMMep4eCKHe HHTepecbI, CnNIHKOM 4aCTO NTHOpHpyiOT MenNLIHHCKHe H COLINanbHble nOCnenCTBHA. CnenyloLuaA H BeCbMa onpenenexxaA npH4NHa nposeneHHA o630pa H CHHTe3a COCTOHT B TOM, 4TO Ha CerOnHALLIHHii neHb CylljeCTByeT 6onee LLIHpoxaA H 3aNHTepeCOBaHHaA B nony4eHHH, 06CyxC,ineHHH H npHMCHeHHH nOCTNxceHHii HayKH nOnHTN4eCKaA aynNTOpNA. XOTA BO MHOrHX BenOMCTBaX HaL(HOHâJIbHbIX H McCTHbIX npaBHTenbCTB, a TaKxce Ha MexCnyHapOnHOM yposxe no CNX nop CyIueCTByeT HeKOTOpOe OTpHLjaHNe H npeHe6pexCeHHe naHHbIMH 5
npo6neMaMH, BC2 NCe pacTeT nOHHMaHNe He06XOAHMOCTH pa3pa6OTKH H nepeCMOTpa anKOronbHON nOJ1HTHKH B CBeTe 06beKTHBHbIX AâHHbIX (Mäkelä et al. 1981; Single et al. 1981; Klingemann et al. 1992). Heo6xo,gHMO npH3HaTb ponb B03 He TOMbKO B TemeHHe HeaasHero nepHOAa ee AeATenbHOCTH, HO H B TeLieHHe 6onee ,i[nHTenbHoro nepHo,ga pa60Tbl no aHanH3y H OpraHH3aL(HH H3y4eHHA B3aNMOCB513H npHpoAbl anKOrOMbHON 3aBHCHMOCTH H anKOrOMbHbIX npo6neM (Edwards et al. 1977); no pa3BHTHEO H pacnpocTpaxeHHlo McTO1IHK ne'leHHA (Grant and Hodgson 1991), no npoBeAeHHlo MewayHapo,IHibIX COBMecTHbIx HCCneAOBaHHN n0 ne'leHHlo (Moser 1980; Babor and Grant 1992); no noAAepN
Page 1 and 2: ojelrg OOHHOBLSO1T1gO N WlMII1IIOU
Page 3 and 4: AJIKOrOJIbHasi IIOJIHTHKa H o6wecTS
Page 5 and 6: Anecoronbnast HonHTH{Ca H o6WecTSei
Page 7 and 8: IIPE,gV1CnOBNE C TOLIKH 3peHHSI O61
Page 9 and 10: Kettil Bruun co6pan Boxpyr Ce6a nyL
Page 11 and 12: HCCJIeAOBaHHii anJHKIj[ii3 (TOpoHTo
Page 13 and 14: IÎp@,gbICTOpNSi CO3,gâHNSi 3TON K
Page 15 and 16: Klaus Mäkelä, Ph. D., AmpexTOp no
Page 17 and 18: Z J.aXa.LOamdo OH - HHaJ.OHatt xHNO
Page 19: npo6neM, CB513aHHbIX C noTpe6neHHeM
Page 23 and 24: 2. O6ycnoelzeuubze Ka/cum eudom nom
Page 25 and 26: 'ITO TaK)Ke 6e3 COMHeHHA BepHO H TO
Page 27 and 28: nHLUeHHt-i, caMoyHHxceHllA, pa3pylu
Page 29 and 30: Heo6xoAHMa ropa3Ao ny'IHIaA 6a3a Me
Page 31 and 32: HMeTb BbICOKi7rl ypOBeHb; CaMble Bb
Page 33 and 34: Ta6nHua 1.3 FInoHVIA, ABcrpanrlA vl
Page 35 and 36: Ta6nruua 1.4. PacnpocrpaHeHHocTb an
Page 37 and 38: AaHHble) 53% My>KCLINH N 13% >KeHLW
Page 39 and 40: O63op NccneAoBaHNf-1 ponN anKOrOJIA
Page 41 and 42: cTpaHaMH, xax bpa.3HnHA (Brazillian
Page 43 and 44: Ta6nNl{a 1.5. 3KOHOMN4eCKV1e 3aTpaT
Page 45 and 46: ABnAeTCA neranbHblM HanHTKOM, KOTOp
Page 47 and 48: HCCneAOBaHHAX, HO He B BHAe LIIFipo
Page 49 and 50: Consumption of Alcohol, Tobacco and
Page 51 and 52: HELZER J.E. AND CANINO G.J. ed. (19
Page 53 and 54: NAKAMURA K., TANAKA A. AND TAKANO T
Page 55 and 56: SMART R.G. AND MANN R.E. (1992) Alc
Page 57 and 58: LIACTb 1 1/1H,gv1evl,gyanbHOe norpe
Page 59 and 60: 06LuHH HTOr n0 THnaM H pa3Hoo6pa3Hl
Page 61 and 62: Ta6nHua 2.1. YpoBeHb norpe6neHvlA a
Page 63 and 64: BHHO IIHBo 100 " 0 0 50 100 ICpeHKH
Page 65 and 66: Smart (1991) coo611jaeT, LITO MHorn
Page 67 and 68: nnaHHposaHKA BOnpOCy HeT. O6bILiHO
Page 69 and 70: SPRING J.A. AND BUSS D.H. (1977) Th
Page 71 and 72:
Sc o.latrlolÂllalro 34Ir0141xou H
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09 WoW£HUO1oNLCE H 01o1.HIII49 WOf
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npHLIHHHyIO CB5I3b. Fe3 COMHeHHA, 3
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cnpalIIHBaSI o noTpe6nexHH 3a npeAb
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06pa30BaHIieM )Ken4HOr0 KaMHA nOKa3
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xapaKTeplicTl3KaMl3, KoTopble, CKOp
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3.4 IIOTPE6J1EHVIE AJ1KO1-OJ1A M BE
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HCcneliOBâHHSiX npe,ijCTasneH npHB
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Monoxce 35 H ami xceHnHH npeuxnHMax
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3a nocne,gHNe HeCKOnbKO neT 6bin on
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1992). TaKHM O6pa3OM, BbIACHHJIOCb,
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3.7 f10TPE6J1EHVIE AJ1KOt-01151, HE
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no3TOMy 3TO o6cy)KaaeTCA B cneJjyro
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10Tpe6neHHe anKOrOnA H npOljeHTHaA
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CO6CTBeHHO nbAHCTBa HnH CBA3aHHOI'o
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B KaHa,IjCKOM HCCnej[OBaHHH Ha HH3K
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Hi-ixaKIix j10Ka3aTenbcTB CyujeCTBO
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noTpe6neHiieM anKOronSl n o6111eFi
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XpOHH4eCKHX H C034aIOIiuHX yrp03y )
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CIIVICOK J1VITEPATYPbI: ANDERSON P.
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GILL J.S., ZZEZULKA A.V., SHIPLEY M
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LONGNECKER M.P., BERLIN J.A. ORZA,
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ROOM R. (1983b) Sociological aspect
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4 tloTpe6neHVie anKoronsi HaceneHHe
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HHjjHBHjjyanbHOTO pHCKa AAA ,IjaHHO
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BKnaJja B O6Luyio CyMMy pea itiMeeT
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ypOBeHb cMepTHOCTI3 B TpH pa3a BbIl
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o6pa3oM, 3HatIIiTenbxo MeHbuie, 're
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KapToYHaA cHcTeMa IInnlocTpauHSi 4.
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H3MeneHHSIMH Ha Bcex yposHAx noTpe6
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H3BecTHylo KaK IIapeToso pacnpenene
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IZi HxH.lxEIr14odu XOxoTIEdEU x 90H
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HaHMexbulHe KBaupaTHble perpeccHH.
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noTpe6neHFiH 6onbLHi3X KOnt-II-IeCT
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BnHSiHH10 rlpHSbILIeK nOTpe6neHHSI
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6ZT 'MI a11401000 `aaxaw aH w31 `41
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CneAOBaTenbHO, paCnpOCTpaHeHHOCTb a
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He06XOAHMa ,iZOnOJIHHTenbHâSl HH(D
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4.3.2 O611051 CMepTHOCTb CMepTb SIB
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pHCKa BO3HHKHOBeHH5I palm Ha ypOBHe
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CMepTenbHblM HCXOAOM C ApyrOli. gOI
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LIIBegHH). Bce BbIBOJI6I 6a3HposanH
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4.4 COBOKYIIHOE I1OTPE6J1EHIilE, CB
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CIlV1COK JIVITEPATYPbI: AGARWAL D.
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MAC ANDREW C. AND EDGERTON R.B. (19
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SKOG 0.-J. (1984) ökt totalforbruk
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LIACTb II Pâ3H006pâ3Hble BâpNâH
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noAcxa3blBaeT, LITO ueHa Ha anKOron
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C noupa3AereHHeM HanI3TKOB Ha KaTer
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Ta6nMlia 5.1 (llpo11onxcelllle) ABT
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IIpH 6onee 6nH3KOM paccMOTpeHHH Hen
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yHHBepCanbHblMH. Ha6nlOAaeM61e OTn1
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B3a4iMOCB513aHHbIX IjeH ABJiAeTCA L
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3TO coxpali[enxe pacnpe,IjenSieTCSI
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HHCTpyMeHTa o61ueCTSexxoro 3JjpaBoo
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CIINCOK JIVITEPATYPbI: ALTMAN D.G.
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GROSSMAN M. AND COATE D. AND ARLUCK
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PREST A.R. (1949) Some experiments
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BOAO,IHbIii Mara3HH, KOTOpbIIi K 3T
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8L1 H aHHaLrgadlOU 010 EH 4IK14irao
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I-i3MeHNJI0 ypoBexb cBoero noTpe6ne
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yCHnHBaiOTCA. 3Aecb MbI HMeeM nen0
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6.3.2 MOHOnonNfl OAHa 143 Hax60nee
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o6HapyxcHn CTaTHCTHLIeCKH 3HanHMOe
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11J1OTHOCTb BCe xce OKâ3bIBaeT 3Ha
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nocne H3MeHeHFi51 AOCTynHOCTH nHBa
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CTaTNCTNMeCKN He3HaMHTenbHyLO BenNM
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CBA3aHHbIX C anKOFOneM AOpO)xHbIX a
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(1987, 1989, 1993), Russ and Geller
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3TOMy Bonpocy. H3ytlaA pAA Ha6n1oAe
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HccnenosaHHSI o6yliexxx nepcoHana (
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yCTaHaBnHBaTbCA Ha McCTHOM ypOBHe.
Page 215 and 216:
06o6LgeHHbIN xapaKTep. C ,gpyroH CT
Page 217 and 218:
AND OSTERBERG, E. (1975) Alcohol co
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HOADLEY J.F., FUCHS, B.C. & HOLDER,
Page 221 and 222:
MAXWELL D.M. (1981) Impact Analysis
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available options and an assessment
Page 225 and 226:
SMART R. AND WHTIE W.J. (1972) Effe
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6E3OI1ACHOCTb O61ItECTBA Vl f1OTPE6
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HaBbIKOB BoNKj[eHHM. IIpeAen MO>i(e
Page 231 and 232:
IZZ 40EUEaHhE1r1I0 Hodo3.oN ou `EYN
Page 233 and 234:
OnpOUleHbl KpaTKO B npOBepo4HOM [Iy
Page 235 and 236:
HeonpeJieneHHble pe3ynbTaTbl. Nicho
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Ha yxpenneHHe noAxona "Ha3HaLtexne
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7.5 OfPAHV14EHV1A no MECTY f10TPE6J
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anKOCOnA npo6neM MoryT npxxecTH nOn
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BOVENS R. (1987) Alcohol program: A
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HOMEL R. (1988) Policing and Punish
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Effects on psychomotor performance.
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VOTEY H. AND SHAPIRO P. (1983) High
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B pa3Aene 8.1 6y1teT cAenaH 0630p Z
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HeCMOTpSr Ha ace 3TFr np06neMbl, He
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HCCneAOBaTenbCKHIï nOAXOA He n03BO
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BcenpoHlixa101ue{i, HCn0nb3OSaHne T
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HHCtlopMauRR, xoTOpbfe nposoAHnHCb
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oAHOrO HCTOLIHHKa, -mime KaK npeAnp
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B1(nI04âJIH B ce6A 06y4eHHe pa311H
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tITO66l I-136eXKaTb BO)K,IIeHHA B H
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npoliHnaKTHKH npo6neM (DeJong and W
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oueHKe H30nHpoBaHHbIX, HOHynApHbIX
Page 271 and 272:
BOTVIN G.J. (1987) Factors Inhibiti
Page 273 and 274:
GERBNER G., GROSS L. & MORGAN M. (1
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KOHN P.M., SMART R.G. & OGBORNE A.C
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RUBIN A. (1986) Uses, gratification
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9 11/I HrgV1 B V1,gYAJ1 b H O OPVIE
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BKJIa,1I, KOTOpble BHOCSiT cneunanb
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3. Hnmepeent/uu, nanpaenennble na o
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COKpaLLjeHHe nOTpe6neHHA 110314Ti3B
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natmeHTaM nevaTHblx MaTepHanoB no C
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nCCneAOBaTenbCKne napaAnrMbl, KOTOp
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110nb3y HâJIi44I451 BnHAHHA Ha o6u
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HOHi3MaHI15I anxoronbxbIX Ilpo6neM.
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CHICK J., LLOYD G. AND CROMBIE E. (
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term study with randomized controls
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SMART R., MANN, R.E. AND ANGLIN L.
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10.1 Al1KOf Ol1b, KAK IlPO6l1EMA O6
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B3aHMOCBM3aHHO C BepOSiTHOCTbIO BO3
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BO3HHKHOBeHHA paKa MOJIOLIHOii )ICe
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MHpa, BHeCyT CBOii nORe3HbIN H BpeM
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HanpaBneHIiSIM, TaKHM KaK, HanpNMep
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