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6.3.2 MOHOnonNfl OAHa 143 Hax60nee x3BeCTHbIX (tiOpM BO3AeNCTBxR npaBxTenbCTBa Ha AOCTynHOCTb ânKOrOnR - 3T0 CO3AaHHe rOCy,EtapCTBeHHOIi MOHOII01111H Ha pO3H1411Hyl0 npoAaxcy. Ponb rOCyAapCTBeHHOii MOHOIIOnxx, KaK npRMOro abIpâxceHHR rOCyAapCTBeHHOIi aJIKOrOnbHOii IIOnxTHKH o6cyxcAanacb AOBOnbHO 4acTo (RoxnaA KoxcPepexuxx 1987 roAa, Kortteinen 1989). BOT HeCKOnbKO npxCyLuxX MOHOnOJIxx XapaKTepxcTHK, KOTOpble BnIiRiOT Ha noTpe6nexxe. .TI1o6aR MOHOnOnxR no CBOeN CyTx xcKnlo4aeT KOHKypeHuxiO Ha ânKOr0116HOM pblHKe. Ilpx MOHOnOJIHx pO3Hx4HOi3 TOprOBnH, KOrAa uenblO 51BJ151eTC51 cOKpalljeHxe nOTpe6neHxR anKOrOJ151, cnpoc He MOxceT CTi3MynHpOBaTb nOBbILIJeHxe AOCTynHOCTx H yA06CTBa 4epe3 AOIIOJIHHTenbHble 4aCTHble xCTO4HIIKx anKOrOnR. Tatum 06pa30M, npx MOHOIIOnHx pOCT 41,1cna T04eK pO3Hx4HO1i TOM-OW-11i He CTNMynxpyeTCR 4epe3 nOBbILIIeHxe cnpoca (xnx oxcxAaeMoit npx6binH) TaK, KaK 3T0 6bI110 661 B 06CTaHOBKe npxsaTx3auHx lull OTKpbITOrO pblHKa. ECnx B yCJIOBxRX CB060AHOr0 pblHKa cnpoc yBenH4xBaeTCR, a ace Apyrxe yCJIOBNR OCTaiOTCR pasH6lMx, KOnx9eCTBO TO4eK npoAaxcH anKOrOJIR HJIH npeAJIwiCeHxe yBenx4aTCR. POCT cnpoca Ha anKOrOnb (ecnx n03BOJIRIOT npaBl-IJIa perynxpOSaHHR) MOxCeT ysen1-1414Tb 4acbl npoAaxcx, A06aBiiTb xCIIOnb30BaHxe KpeAHTHbIX KapTO4eK H npOAaxCy anxoronR BMecTe C ApyrHMx ToBapaMx, TaxxMx KaK nxlua, nexapcTSa, 6eH3HH, HO ecnx rocyAapcTSeHHaR MOHOIIOnHR He 3axHTepeCOSaHa B pa3B14T1411 pbIH04HbIX CM, TOrAa 3TH pbIH04Hble MeXâHH3MbI He 6yAyT nOAKJliO4aTbCR. I-Io3TOMy OTMeHa MOHOnOnxx npeAOCTasnReT BO3MOxCHOCTb x3y4xT6 H3MeHeHxR AOCTynHOCTx ânKOrOnR. r1pNBaTx3auxR TOprOSnx O6bI4HO npxBOAHT K 60nbIlleMy KOJIx4eCTBy TO9eK TOprOBnH Ha BbIHOC, K paCLnxpeHxlO 4aCOa npOAaxCx, a TaKxCe 4aCTO K 60nee HH3KHM ueHaM B pe3ynbTaTe KOHKypeHuHH (Holder, 1988). IibIJlO nOKa3aH0, 4TO BNHO, KaK HanHTOK, KOTOpbIN CTaHOBHTCR BCe 601lee norlynRpHbIM B He 1113Ox3BOARLI(xX BHHO CTpaHaX, RBnReTCSI 4yBCTB1,1TenbH6IM K (tiOpMe AOCTynHOCTx B pO3HH4HOx TOprOBne. Koma OTKpbIBaiOTCR BHHHble Mara3xHbl xJlx OTMeHReTCR MOHOIIOnxR Ha TOprOBnIO BHHOM, nOTpe6neHxe BIiHa yBenH4xBaeTCR. C 1970 r. HeCKOnbKO LIITaTOB CHIA H 11pOBHHuxS1 KBe6eK B KaHaAe OTMeHxnH rOCyAapCTBeHHyIO MOHOnOJIHIO Ha npOAaxCy 066I4HO1-0 H KpenneHOTO BHHa. McDonald (1986) o6Hapyxcxn, 4TO nposeAexxe npxsaTH3auHx 184
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HCCneAOBaHHAX, HO He B BHAe LIIFipo
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Consumption of Alcohol, Tobacco and
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HELZER J.E. AND CANINO G.J. ed. (19
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NAKAMURA K., TANAKA A. AND TAKANO T
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SMART R.G. AND MANN R.E. (1992) Alc
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CIIVICOK J1VITEPATYPbI: ANDERSON P.
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GILL J.S., ZZEZULKA A.V., SHIPLEY M
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LONGNECKER M.P., BERLIN J.A. ORZA,
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ROOM R. (1983b) Sociological aspect
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Page 183 and 184: GROSSMAN M. AND COATE D. AND ARLUCK
Page 185 and 186: PREST A.R. (1949) Some experiments
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Page 219 and 220: HOADLEY J.F., FUCHS, B.C. & HOLDER,
Page 221 and 222: MAXWELL D.M. (1981) Impact Analysis
Page 223 and 224: available options and an assessment
Page 225 and 226: SMART R. AND WHTIE W.J. (1972) Effe
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Page 241 and 242: anKOCOnA npo6neM MoryT npxxecTH nOn
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Page 245 and 246:
HOMEL R. (1988) Policing and Punish
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Effects on psychomotor performance.
Page 249 and 250:
VOTEY H. AND SHAPIRO P. (1983) High
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BOTVIN G.J. (1987) Factors Inhibiti
Page 273 and 274:
GERBNER G., GROSS L. & MORGAN M. (1
Page 275 and 276:
KOHN P.M., SMART R.G. & OGBORNE A.C
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RUBIN A. (1986) Uses, gratification
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