IHgIIOJOHIj - World Health Organization Regional Office for Europe

yCHnHBaiOTCA. 3Aecb MbI HMeeM nen0 C KpaNHHMH cnrIaAMH, HO OH14
rOBOpAT HaM o6 06Hje1ï TeHAeHLJHH.
6.3 B11I4SIHI1E 3K011OrI14ECKIIX MEP: AAHHbIE
14CCflEAOBAHI4V1
1'ibIJIO npOBeneHO 60nb111oe KOnHLIeCTSO HCCJIeAOBaHHiï no
H3yLIeHHiO OCHOBHOR npennocbinKH Toro, LITO OrpaHHileHHe
AOCTynHOCTH anKOTOnA MO)KeT npOH3BeCTH 3HaLIHTenbHbli-I 34)(1)eKT Ha
ero noTpe6neHHe H cBA3aHHble C 3THM npo6neMbl. 3TH
HCCneAOBaHHA, B KOTOpbIX U3yilanaCb AOCTynHOCTb anKOTOnA,
06bI4HO 06Hapy)KHBâJIH, LITO KOrAa aJIKOTOnb MeHee AOCTyneH, MeHee
yuo6eH B npHo6peTeHHH HnH MeHee nplieMneM B 06u.JeCTSe,
noTpe6neHHe H npo6neMbl, CB513aHHble C HUM, coxpauualoTCA. 3TH
HCCneAOBaHHA 6bIBaiOT AByX THnOB: Te, KOTOpble H3yTia1OT
OrpaHHT-IeHHSi o6ute13 AOCTynHOCTH H Te, KOTOpble HCCneAyIOT
OTAenbHble Mepbi anKOronbHOii nonHTHKH B IIJIaHe FIX oco6oro
B03neNCTB1451. 1'13yiieHHe OnpeneneHHblx CTpaTerHN KOHTpOnA
COCTaBnAIOT OCHOBHyiO TiaCTb HCCneAOBaHHIi.
1'ibin0 nposenexo OTHOCHTenbH0 He6onbluoe KOnUi-IeCTBO
CpaBHHTenbHbIX HCCnenOBaHHii, rAe H3ylianHCb pa3JiHTlHA Mexcny
KynbTypaMH HO THny Mep perynHpOBaHHA (HanpHMep, MOHOUOnHA no
CpaBHeHHIO C CHCTeMOÎ-i nHLJeH3Up0BaHHA), HO TiaCTHiiHO H3-3a
pa311 141IHb1X 3I14eKTOB BpeMeHHOTO OTCTaBaHHA TaKHe HCCneAOBaHUA
OKâ3anHCb He B COCTOAHHH aAeKBaTHO 01.JeHHTb peanbHOe BnHAHHe
Mep perynUpOBaHHA Ha noTpe6neHHe aJIKOTOnA H CBA3aHHble C 3THM
np06neMb1. B naHHOM o63ope HCHOnb3y1OTC51 TOnbKO AaHHble
nonrOBpeMeHHbIX HCcnenosaHHFi, TaK KaK OHH 1103BOJI5ifOT 6onee
yBepeHHO BbIABnATb npHiiHHHble CB113H. 0630pbI COOTBeTCTBÿiOIi[HX
HccnenosaxHi3 MO)KHO Harm! B Smith (1988d), Osterberg(1991,
1993), Gruenewald (1991) H Holder (1987, 1991).
6.3.1 "CyXOH 3aKOH"
KOrna B HexOTOpbix cTpaxax B Hai-lane 20 CTOneTHSi 6b1n BBeneH
11OJIHbI1i 3anpeT Ha anKOTOnb OH 6bIJI B KOHne KOHLJOB OTMeHeH H3-3a
OTCyTCTBHA O6HJeCTBeHHOii IIOA,nep)KKH H CornaCHA. COBpeMeHHbI1ï
npHMep "CyXOTO 3aKOHa" HMen McCTO B 1978 F. Ha THXO0KeaHCKHX
ocTposax MoeH B Tpyxe B cl?enepaTHBHOM rocynapcTSe
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