IHgIIOJOHIj - World Health Organization Regional Office for Europe

aJIKOrOnbHble np06neMbl? OANH 113 TNnOB A0Ka3aTenbCTB
nOSlBJI5leTC51, KOrAa cHa6)KeHNe anKOrOneM pe3K0 cOKpaL1[aeTCSi NJIN
npeKpaNjaeTCA. B pa3nNT-IHbIX cTpaHaX 6bInO pan npNMepOB, KOrAa
o6ivaA AOCTynHOCTb anKOronSi 6bina 0613eKTOM paANKâJIbHbIX
143MeHeHNN. 3a6aCTOBKN pa6OTHNKOB p03HNLIHOn TOprOBnN lull
pa604NX anKOrOnbHON NHAyCTpNN, a He L[eneHanpaBneHHbie COL[NanbHble
3KCnepNMeHTbI no anKOronbHOÎ.1 nOnNTNKe Aei%ICTBNTenbHO
npOAeMOHCTpNpOBanN, HanpNMep, BJINSIHNe pe3K0r0 COKpaILjeHNSI
AOCTynHOCTN anKOrOnSI Ha ero noTpe6neHHe. Giesbrecht (1988)
nposen 0630p NccnejjoBaHNN no 3a6aCTOBKaM. He06XO,il,NMo
OTMeTNTb, 4T0 3a6acTOBKN car« no ce6e asneHNe HOnOCTOSIHHOe N
nOTpe6NTenN 3HaIOT, 4TO 3TO HeyA06cTB0 B KOHL(e KOHIjOB npor%IueT.
Mäkelä (1980) B CBOeM nepBNiiHOM Nccne,goaaHNN 3a6aCTOBOK,
NCCneAOBan 311)L1)eKTb1 3a6aCTOBKN 1972 r. BONHnSIHANN, KOTOpaSI
3aKpbina (lNHCKNe nHKepO-BOj[OtiHble Mara3NHb1 Ha 5 HeAenb.
l'1CIIOnb3y5I JjaHHble Ha6n1O,iZeHNA H OnpOCOB, a TaiOKe CTaTNCTN4eCKNe
AaHHble, OH O6Hapy){CNn, LiTO O6Njee noTpe6neHHe anKOronsi
CHN3NJIOCb npN6nN3NTenbHO Ha OAHy TpeTb. KOnNMeCTBO apecTOB 3a
nO51BneHNe B HeTpe3BOM BN,Ije B 06LL[ecTBeHHOM MecTe COKpaTNJIOCb
Ha 50%, apeCTbl 3a BO)iCAeHNe B HeTpe3BOM COCTOSIHNN COKpaTNJINCb
npN6nN3NTenbHO Ha 10-15%, a cnyLiaN Hana4teHNFi N nO6OeB - Ha
25%. HeO6x0liNMO 3aMeT1ITb, LITO 6apb1 H peCTOpaHbl
npoAOnxcanN pa6OTaTb, N TaKNM O6pa30M, He ace NCTOLIHNKN
anKOrOn51 6bInN rlepeKpblTbi 3a6aCTOBKOFI.
B 6onee nO3AHeM NCCneAOBaHNN 3a6acTOBKN 1972 roua B
CDNHJIAHANN 6bIJl0 06Hapy)KeHo, LITO B Te4eHNe Masi 1972 r. o6njNil
ypOBeHb npouaxcN anKOrOJISI COKpaTNJICSI Ha 30%. TaKoe xce
COKpaLIjeHNe B 3a(pNKCNpOBaHHOM nOTpe6neHNN 6blJlo 06Hapy)KeHO N
B anpene 1985 r. B pe3ynbTaTe 3a6acTOBKN 3TOr0 )Ke rOAa. TaK )Ke
KaK N B 1972 r., 3a6acTosxa 1985 F. npNBena K CxoAHOMy
coKpaNjeHNio pSIAa HeraTNBHbIx nOCneACTBNN (Osterberg and Saila,
1991).
HaN6onee O4eBNAHbIM 3(14eKTOM 9-HeuenbH0N 3a6aCTOBKH
HOpBe)KCxO41 MoHOnonNN Ha BNHa H penne HanNTKH B 1978 r.
6bInO AOCTaTO4HO 6bICTpOe npNcnoco6neHNe K HOBbIM yCJIOBNAM
npeAnO)KeHNSI. r10Bb1LNeHNe nOTpe6neHNSI nNSa, MaCTHbIFI NMIIOpT
aJIKOrOJIA H AOMaNIHee 1,131-OTOBneHNe CTanH HaN60nee Ba)KHbIMN
NCTO4HNKaMN 3aMeLLjeHNM, Hap51Ay C NCnOnb3OBaHHeM AOMaLnHNX
3anac0B CIINpTHOro. l'13-3a 3TOr0 3aMeLLjeHN51 60nbLNHHCTBO nioAeil He
179