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IHgIIOJOHIj - World Health Organization Regional Office for Europe

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a6C0nloTHOII BenHLIHHbI 3naCTHLIHOCTH ilex Ha KpenKHe CnHpTHble<br />

HanHTKH (Huifeldt & Jorner,1972). 3TO MOTJIO 6bITb o6ycnosnexo<br />

TeM, LITO KapTOLIHaSI CHCTeMa CAep>KHBaeT BnHSIHHe H3MeHeHH5I LjeH<br />

Ha nOTpe6neHlie. IIpHMep 1lIBeLtHH, TaKHM 06pa30M, HnniOCTplipyeT<br />

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anKOronSi.<br />

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pocra H 611arocOCTOSiHH5I H H3MeHeHHIi COItHanbHOrO H o6LLteCTBeHHOrO<br />

cTaTyca anKOI'onbHblX HanHTKOB. B C1HHn5IHAHH a6COJI1OTHa5I<br />

BenHi-II3Ha 351aCTiiLIHOCTH IjCHbI XI5I o6LI[ero nOTpe6neHlisl anKOronSl<br />

nOCTO5IHH0 nOHH>KanaCb Me>ICJty 1955 H 1980 rOAaMH C -0,93 Ao -0,70<br />

(Ahtola et al 1986). B TeLIeHHe 3TOrO nepiiOAa pOCT 6narOCOCTOSIHHSI<br />

H OCna6neHiie KOHTpOnSI 3HaLIHTenbHO nOBbICHnH AOCTynHOCTb<br />

anKOrOJIA. llOTpe6neHHe anKOrOnSI BbIpOCJIO C McHee 2 nHTpOB Ha<br />

AyLHy HaceneHlisl B rOA B cepeAliHe 50-x rOAOB AO OKOJIO 6,5 n K<br />

Hammy 1980 r. Beni3LliiHa 3naCTHLIHOCTF3 LteH HMena TeHAeHL1H10 K<br />

CHIi)KeHHIO 110 Mepe npespaLl.teHliSi anKOTOnSI B ToBap e>KeAHeBHOrO<br />

cnpoca.<br />

5.2.3 3KOHOMNKa 3aM@t1.t@HNfA<br />

TaK KaK BCe anKOTOnbHble HanHTKH COAep>KaT 3TaHOn, MO>KHO<br />

O>KHAaTb, LITO OHH H0TeHL1IiânbH0 MOryT 3aMCILtaTb Apyr Apyra. Ho<br />

TaK>Ke OLIeBHAHO, LITO anK01-011bHble HaHHTKH MOryT 3aMeLltaTb H<br />

pyre TOBapbl H, B CBOIO OLlepe,ijb, 3aMeHtaTbCSI HMH. 3TO 1-103BOJI5IeT<br />

npeAnOJIO>KHTb, LITO Ha ypOBeHb nOTpe6neHHSI ânKOrOnsI H CTpyKTypy<br />

er0 noTpe6neHHSI MOryT nOBnH5ITb OTHOCHTenbHble LteHbl Ha 3TH<br />

HanHTKH (no OTHOIileHHIO K ApyrHM TOBapaM).<br />

ECRU LteHa OAHON KaTeropHH HanHTKOB nOBbIIDaeTCSI,<br />

noTpe6HTenH MoryT HCKaTb HM MeHee Aoporylo He 3anpeLL[eHHyio<br />

3axoxoM 3aMeHy. HanpHMep, ecnH LteHa Ha KpenKHe CHHpTHble<br />

HanHTKH nOBbILIIaeTCSI, Cnpoc Ha BHHO HnH nHBO HJIH Ha TO H Apyroe<br />

Mo>KeT sblpaCTH. B HecxonbKHX HCCneAOBaHHSIX 6bina pa3pa6oTaxa<br />

MeTOAHKa OLteHKH 3naCTHLIHOCTH B3aHMOCB5I3aHHbIX 'tell, TO eCTb<br />

OLtCHKH H3MeHeHH5I cnpoca Ha OAHy KaTeropHiO anKOTOnbHbIX<br />

HanHTKOB, BbI3BaHHOe H3MeHeHHeM LteHbI Ha KaKylo-nH60 Apyryio<br />

KaTCrOpHIO anKOTOnbHbIX HanHTKOS (Niskanen, 1962; Nyberg 1967;<br />

Walsh and Walsh, 1970; Huitfeldt and Jorner, 1972; Jonson and<br />

Oksanen, 1974; Lau, 1975; Lidman, 1976; Jonson and Oksanen, 1977;<br />

Ornstein, 1980; Godfrey 1986). Iloxa3axo, LITO oLtenxa 3nacTHLIHOCTH<br />

163

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