IHgIIOJOHIj - World Health Organization Regional Office for Europe

nepBblM npcABeCTHHKOM CaMoy6Hi%ICTBa. CB513b MexcAy
3noynOTpe6neHHeM aJIKOrOJIeM H CâMOy6HIicTBaMH noATBep)iCAaeTCA
6011buIHM KOnHLICCTBOM AaHHbIX 3nHAeMHOJIOrHLieCKHX H
nCHXHaTpHLieCKHX pa6oT. I'ICCneAOBaHHSI nOKOHT-IHBnIHX )10H3Hb
CaMoy6HNCTBOM HHAHBHAyyMOB, HeH3MeHHO o6Hapy)KHBa1OT
6onbuloe T1HCn0 cnyTiaeB anxoronH3Ma (Beskow 1979). ITonee Toro,
HeCKOnbK0 AnHTenbHbIX HCCneAOBaHHii "aJIKOronHKOB" rOBOpAT O
3HaLIHTenbHO nOBbIITIeHHOM pHCKe CaMOy6Hi4CTB (Sundby 1967;
Ritson 1977). gaHHble nOA06HbIX HCCneAOBaHHi4 MoryT, TM He
McHee, 6bITb He0AHO3HaT3HbIMH H3-3a 3(1(peKTa OT6opa,
AeNCTBy10uter0 TaKHM 06pa30M, LITO Cy6BeKTbI, KOTOpble COBepinaioT
CaMOy6HIiCTBa yxce HaXOAATCA B 30HC nOBbIIneHHOrO pHCKa AO
HaLiaJIa HX nHTeIiHoiï KapbepbI.
HeCKOnbKO 06061.1.1eHHbIX pe3yJlbTaTOB HCCneAOBaHHi-i, KOTOpble,
CyAA no BCeMy, He HeCyT TaKOIi He0AH03HaT1HOCTH, BCe xce
yKâ3bIBaIOT Ha CB513b Me>KAy anKOrOneM H CaMOy6HiicTBaMH. B AByX
npOBeACHHbIX B CILIA HCCneAOBaHHSIX 6b1na o6HapyxceHa
1-103HTHBHa51 B3aHMOCB513b MexcAy COBOKyrIHbIM noTpe6neHHeM H
ypOBHeM CaMoy6HNCTB KaK BO BpeMeHHOM aHâJIH3e (Wasserman
1989), TaK H B OAHOMOMeHTHOM CpaBHeHHH pa3HbIX TeppHTOpHii
(Rusk, Gliksman and Brook 1986). Ha ocHOSe ARIMA-axanH3a
HaJIHT-IHe no,tio6Hoii B3aHMOCB513H Tax>iCe 6bino noATBepmKAexo AnA
cbpaHLiHH (Norstrom 1992), BeHrpHH (Skog and Elekes 1993),
HopBerHH H I.IIBenHH (Norstrom 1988c; Rossow 1993) H gaHHH
(Skog 1993).
HanHLIHe CB513H Me)K,TZy anxoroneM H HaCHnxeM npeAnonaraeTCSI
Ha OCHOBe 3KCnepHMeHTanbxbIx AaHHbIX (Gustafson 1986), a Tax)iCe
TOrO (paKTa, LITO, no C0o61II;eHHAM, 6onbIIIaA T1aCTb HaCHnbHHKOB
6bI11H nbAHbI BO BpeMA COBeputeHHA npeCTynneHHA (Mayfield 1976,
Roslund and Larson 1979). AaHHb1e noCneAHHX HCcneAOBaHHFI, TeM
He McHee, He 06313aTenbH0 03HaT3aK)T npHLIHHHb1ii 3(1)(PeKT anKoronA;
BO3MOnCHO, LITO YaCToe onbAHeHHe - )KH3HeHHO Ba)KHblii COCTaBHOi3
31IeMeHT CTHJIA )1CH3HH nlOAeii, CKJIOHHbIX K HaCHnHiO HaA ApyrHMH.
O606LueHHaA B3aHMOCB5I3b MexcAy noTpe6neHHeM H ypOBHCM
npecTynneHHN, no3TOMy HMeeT 6onbHIee OTHOIneHHe K OIjeHKe
CTeneHH, B KOTOpOii aJIKOronb (l)aKTHTIeCKH OKa3an BnHSIHHe
KaTâJI113aTOpa. bOnbIIIHHCTBO pe3yJlbTaTOB no 3TOMy BOnpOCy
npHBeAeHO B 061IIHpHOM HCCneAOBaHHH Lenke (1990) AaHHbIX H3
CopaHLiHH H CKaHAHHaBCKHX CTpaH (j>aHHH, C1HH1151HAHH, HopaerHH H
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