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IHgIIOJOHIj - World Health Organization Regional Office for Europe

IHgIIOJOHIj - World Health Organization Regional Office for Europe

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HCCneJiOBaHIii3, TaK Ha3bIBaeMOii, CHCTeMbI llipaTra B LLIse1jHH. 3To<br />

6bIna KapTOtIHaA cHCTeMa. KoTOpaA 6bina BBeJieHa BO sperm' nepeoli<br />

MIipOBOii BOi3HbI (Kai( anbTepHâTHSa "CyXOMy 3aKOHy") H KOTOpaA<br />

JieHCTBOSana go cepeAHHbI 50-x ro,aOB. Norström noxa3an, 4To<br />

KapTO4HâA CFiCTeMa 3Ha414TenbHO COKpaTIiJIa Kone6aH{iA<br />

pacnpegeneHI-iA H pacnpoCTpaxeHHOCTb TANCenOrO nbAHCTBa no<br />

CpaBHeHFIIO C JipyrHMH CTpaHaMli CO CXOJiHbIM CpeJiHHM ypOBHeM<br />

noTpe6neHI3A. 3T0 OKa3anO 3Ha41iTenbHbIi-i 34(1JeKT Ha CMepTHOCTb B<br />

pe3ynbTaTe uHppo3a ne4eHH (Norström 1987a) H KonHVeCTBO<br />

npecTynneHHï-I, CBA3aHHbIX C HaCiiJIFieM (Lenke 1990). JllaHHbIH<br />

npliMep LLIBeuHH, TaKiiM o6pa3oM, HnnloCTpHpyeT OCHOBHOe<br />

nonoxceHHe o TOM, 'ITO Ha6nIOJjaeMble B pacnpeJjenexxH nio6oiï<br />

CTpaHbl 3aKOHOMepHOCTid MoryT 6bITb Si3MeHeHbI C nOMOn.[bIO<br />

OnpeJieneHHbIX Bo3JZeiïCTBFiFi Hnii MeXaHFi3MOS H, CneJtOBaTenbHO,<br />

"3aKOHbI O paCnpeJieneHNH" Henb351 npHMeHATb 6e30 BCAKIIX<br />

OrpaHn4eHFiH.<br />

4.2.5 floTpe6neHHe anKoronn B 6onbwHx KonNyecTBax<br />

rt npo6nenna "npHpoAa/BocnHTaHHe"<br />

B nOCneJjHHe rOJibl >KeCTKaA KOHuenIjHA "anxoronii3Ma" KaK<br />

4e1O-TO onpe,aenexxoro, Ka4eCTBeHHO oTni3i-Ia101uerocA OT<br />

HOpManbxoro noTpe6neHHA anKOrOnA, 6bina 3aMexexa 6onee r136KOIi<br />

ByXOCesoiï KOHljenuHeii, rJje "anxoronbxaA 3aBHCHMOCTb" ABJIAeTCA<br />

OJiHOii OCbIO 1i3MepeHi3A H "npo6neMbl, CBA3aHHble C anKOroneM" -<br />

JipyroH OCbIO (Edwards et al 1977). 3TO N3MeHeHHe KoHuenuHH<br />

03Ha'-IaeT npii3HaHiie TOrO, LITO Hâ3bIBaeMOe "anKOrOn143MOM"<br />

COCTOAHHe ABJIAeTCA MHOrOrpaHHbIM.<br />

bonee Toro, noTpe6neHHe, 3noynoTpe6neHlie H 3aBHCi3MOCTb<br />

MoryT 6bITb pa3nH4HOFi CTeneHii, H nepexoJi OT TaK Hâ3bIBaeMOrO<br />

"HOpMânbHOro" nOTpe6neHiül anKOronA K "HeHopManbHOMy"<br />

ABnACTCA cKOpee noCTeneHHbIM, 4eM pe3KHM.<br />

ara HOBaA KOHuenul4A CO BCeMH BXOJiAIIjliMii CioJia BOnpOCaMH,<br />

COrnaCyeTCA C HaMe'ieHHOii 3JieCb nepCrleKTI3B0Î-i. MbI BbIACHHnH, 4TO<br />

CBA3aHHOe C BbInHBKOFi nOSeJieHFie noJisepraeTCA BniiAHHIO<br />

6OnbLIIOro KOnH4eCTBa (DaKTOpOS, KOTOpble 06bI4H0 KOM6HHi3pyIOTCA,<br />

npHyMHOxcaA JieHCTSiiA Jipyr Jipyra. CneJiosaTenbHo, noTpe6neHHe<br />

ânKOronA B 6onbiuFiX KOnA'IeCTBaX BO3HnKaeT H3-3a MHOweCTBa<br />

npii'IHH, H MHOrOnbiOnjHi-i 4enOBeK - 3TO nid'IHOCTb, rJie CXOJii3TCA<br />

Bo3JieliCTBHe OrpOMHOro 'IHCna HMeiOniHX TeHJieHuiiio nOBbILUaTb<br />

128

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