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BnHSiHH10 rlpHSbILIeK nOTpe6neHHSI anKOrOnSI, npHHSITbIX B HX COL(HanbHOM OKppKeHHH (Skog 1980a). TeopHSi COuHanbHOTO B3aHMOBnHSIHHSI npH nOTpe6neHHH anKOTOnSI, TaKHM O6pa3OM, 11O3BOn5IeT npegnOJIO)KHTb, LITO HH,RHBH,RyyM, )KHByluHii B AOCTaTOLIHO 6naronpHSITHOM OKpy)KeHHH, MO)KeT cKOpee CTaTb "MânonbiOII(HM" LIenOBeKOM, B TO BpeMSI KaK TOT )Ke HH,IjHBH,IjyyM MOr 6bI CTaTb "MHOronbK)ILjHM" B He6naronpHSITHOM OKpy)KeHHH, rije anKOTOnb ,RenIes, jjOCTyneH H HsnSIeTCSi COCTâBHOIi LiaCTbiO nOBCejIHCBHOM )KH3HH. TaK KaK HH,RHBHjIyanbHble npHSbILIKH nOTpe6neHHSI anKOTOnSI H3-3a COIIHanbHOTO B3aHMOBnHSIHHSI B3aHMOCBSI3aHbI, HH,RHBH,DyanbHble H3MeHeHHSI npHBbILIeK nOTpe6neHHSI anKOronSI HMeIOT TeH,ReHuHio 6bITb CHHXpOHHbIMH, H TaKHM o6pa3oM, BO3HHKaeT KOnneKTHBHaSI KapTHHa H3MeHeHHiï (Skog 1979). TaxHM 06pa30M, Ha6niOjlaeMble KOnneKTHBHble KapTHHbI H3MeHeHHIi, HaH60nee BepOSITHO, SIBnSIIOTCSI pe3ynbTaTaMH ,ReHCTBHSI COuHanbHblX H KynbTypHbIX MexaHH3MOB. 51BHOe OTCyTCTBHe TeCHOii B3aHMOCBSI3H Me)Kzly ypOBHeM Tpe3BOCTH H ypOBHeM nOTpe6neHHSi anKOronSi MO)KeT HaiiTH csOe o615ICHeHHe B paMKaX TeOpHH COLjHânbHOrO B3aHMOBnHSIHHSI. ECnH Tpe3BeHHHKH H nbioLRHe SIBnSIiOTCSI TOnbKO cna6o CB5I3aHHbIMH noArpynnaMH o61uecTBa, H3MeHeHHSI s npe,Renax no,RrpynnbI nbiOLlMx MoryT OKa3bIBaTb nHIIIb He6onbllIOe BnHSIHHe Ha no,Rrpynny Tpe3BeHHHKOB. Cna6y10 CB5l3b MO)KHO OTHeCTH Ha CCT H,ReonOrHLIeCKOl3 HanpSUKeHHOCTH H ,RpyrHX (l)aKTOpOB. gaHHble, xOTOpbMe Mbl npoaHanH3HpoBanH, O6bILIHO OnHCbIBaiOT TO, LITO MO)KHO 6bin0 6bI Hâ3BaTb "3anajlHbIM MHpOM nOTpe6HTeneii CBO6o,RHOTO pbIHKa", KOTOpbIii XapaxTCpH3yeTCSI OLICHb Cna6bIM npSIMbIM O(1)141L14âJIbHbIM COUHânbHblM KOHTpOneM HHjIHBH,RyanbHOTO nbioLuerO. B 06LueCTBaX C ropa3jl0 60nee CHnbHbIM KOHTponeM Ha,R KâXCjIbiM nbIOIIIHM MbI MO)KeM nerKO npe,RCTaBHTb, LITO pacnpeuenexxe nbx)LuHx no yposxSlM noTpe6neHHSi 6yneT coBCeM HHbIM. Cne,ROSaTenbHO, ecnH O(lHuHanbHbIii HnH HeO41HIIHanbHblli COuHanbHbIii KOHTpOnb nbx)njHX 6bin 6bI yCHneH, pacnpe,Renexxe nOTpe6neHHSi H3MCHHJIOCb 6bI, H MbI ,ROnNCHbI O)KHgaTb, LITO M6I yBH,RHM cOKpaLueHHe paCnpOCTpaHeHHOCTH nOTpe6neHHSI anKOronSl B 6onbLUHX KOnHLieCTBaX 6e3 COOTBeTCTByIOLuHX H3MeHCHH11 B CpeAHCM yposxe noTpe6neHHSI (Skog 1980a). Norström (1987a) noxa3an 3c14exT OcDHLlxanbxorO couHanbxoro KOHTponSi Hap( pacnpenenexxeM noTpe6nenHSi anKOrOnSI B 127
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Consumption of Alcohol, Tobacco and
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HELZER J.E. AND CANINO G.J. ed. (19
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NAKAMURA K., TANAKA A. AND TAKANO T
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SMART R.G. AND MANN R.E. (1992) Alc
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Page 111 and 112: GILL J.S., ZZEZULKA A.V., SHIPLEY M
Page 113 and 114: LONGNECKER M.P., BERLIN J.A. ORZA,
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HOADLEY J.F., FUCHS, B.C. & HOLDER,
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MAXWELL D.M. (1981) Impact Analysis
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available options and an assessment
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SMART R. AND WHTIE W.J. (1972) Effe
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BOVENS R. (1987) Alcohol program: A
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HOMEL R. (1988) Policing and Punish
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Effects on psychomotor performance.
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VOTEY H. AND SHAPIRO P. (1983) High
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