IHgIIOJOHIj - World Health Organization Regional Office for Europe

H3BecTHylo KaK IIapeToso pacnpeneneHHe (Blinder 1974). TaKxce
H3BCCTHb1 ApyrHe npHMepbl H3 HCCneA0BaHH13 nOBeneHHA LIenOBeKa
npH noTpe6neHHH, H noTpe6neniie MHOrxX THnoB ToBapoB
npH6nH3HTenbH0 COOTBeTCTByeT MaTeMaTHLIeCKOii KpHBOrI H3BeCTHO1i
KaK nor-HOpManbHOe pacnpeneneHHe (Aitchison and Brown 1969),
KOTOpaA BblpaxCaeTCA OAHOBOJIHOBbIM aCHMMeTpH'-IHbIM rpacpHKOM c
AnHHHbIM OTBeTBneHHeM n0 HanpaBneHHIO K BbICOKHM ypOBHAM
nOTpe6neHHA.
3TH npH6nH3HTenbHble "3aKOHbI" pacnpeneneHHA 06b1'iHO
06-b5ICHAIOTC51 CTpyKTypHbIMH XapaKTepHCTHKaMH MeXaH43MOB,
KOTOpble OnpenenAloT H3yLIaeMble npOABneHHA. HanpHMep,
HHTCnneKT O6bILIHO OnpenenAeTCA 60nbulHM LIHCJIOM pa3nHLIHbIX
reHeTHLIecKHX Cl)aKTOpOB H CpaKTOpOB cpenbl, H BCC 3T0
KOM6HHHpyeTCA, 3OIIOJIHAA Apyr Apyra, H npHBOAHT K O6uieMy
pe3ynbTaTy.
14HAHBH,3yaJI6H0e nOTpe6neHHe anKOronA TaKxCe Onpe,aenAeTCA
60nbLÜHM KOnHLIeCTBOM pa3nHLIHbIX 43aKT0p0B. B 3TOM cnyvae,
OAHaKO, 3TH CpaKTOpbI HMetOT TeHneHLIHIO KOM6HHHp0BaTbC5I,
npHyMHOxCaA, a He nOnOJIH5I51 36:1CTBliA Apyr Apyra. 3TO 6b1n0
nOATBepxCAeHO KaK AaHHbIMH eAHHOBpeMeHHbIX, TaK H AJIHTenbHbIX
Ha611i0AeHHN (Skog 1979; 1991), H 3T0 Bb13bIBaeT aCHMMeTpH9HOe
pacnpeneneHHe, KOTOpOe MOxCeT HanOMHHaTb nor-HopManbxoe
pacnpeAeneHHe. TeM He Mexee, TaK KaK HeKOTOpb1e CloaxTOpbl
OKâ3bIBaIOT nOCTaTOLIHO CHnbHOe BnHAHHe Ha nOTpe6neHHe, MbI He
MOxCeM npennOJIOxCHTb, LITO BKnan BceX Cl)aKTOpOB HeBenHK: B
OTAenbHblX 06LLjeCTBaX MOI'yT Ha6nI0naTbC51 3HaLIHTenbHble
OTKJIOHeHI151 OT 06bILIHON nor-HOpManbHOlï (pyHKIjHH. 3TOT apryMeHT
ABnAeTCA eLLjë OAHHM nOATBepxCAeHHeM TOrO I-4)aKTa, LITO peanbHOe
HaceneHHe ABnAeTCA pâ3HOpOAHbIM H COCTOHT H3 pa3n1-14HbIX CJIOeB,
rne Ha6ntOAaIOTCA 3HaLIHTenbHble OTnHLIHA OT cpennero ypOBHA
n0Tpe6neHH31. Pa3H0p0A1-10CTb HaceneHHA nOKa3bIBaeT, LITO
TeopeTHLIeCKne 3aKOHbI pacnpenenexHA MOryT 6bITb TOnbKO BeCbMa
npH6nH3HTenbHbIMH n0 OTHOIileHHIO K peanbHOCTH.
To, LITO 3MnHpHLIeCKOe pacnpeneneHHe nOTpe6neHHA anKOronA
ABnAeTCA BeCbMa aCHMMeTpHLIHbIM C AnHHHbIM OTKJIOHeHHeM no
HanpaBneHHIO BbICOKHX ypOBHeli nOTpe6neHHA, yCTaHOBnCHO
nOCTaTOLIHO TOLIHO. l'1HOr3a pacnpeneneHHe MOxCeT TeCHO
np146nHxCaTbC5I K O6bILIHOIi nor-HOpManbHOii KpHBOi3, B TO spew( KaK
B ApyrHx cnyLlasix 3TO 6y3eT He TaK. JABa THnHLIHbIX npHMepa
119