IHgIIOJOHIj - World Health Organization Regional Office for Europe

Ta6nNl.Aa 4.1 OTHOCV1TenbHb10 pNCK M BKr1a,g B 06L14MN ypOBeHb
npo6neM rpynn c pa3nV14HbIM ypoBHeM noTpe6neHNA Arm ,4Byx
rNnoreTVl4ecKV1x anKOronbHblx npo6neM (npe,gn0naraeTCA, 4T0
60, 35 M 5% HaceneHNA V1MeK)T COOTBeTCTBeHHO HM3KM0,
CpeAHMVI M BbICOKMN ypOBHM nOTpe6neHMA).
flpo6neMa 1 Ilpo6neMa 2
YpoaeHb OTHOCHTenb % OTHOCHTenb- %
noTpe6neHNA HbIl71 pNCK npo6neM HbIN pNCK npo6neM
HN3KNN 1 20 1 9
Cpe,qHNH 4 47 4 20
BbICOKNN 20 33 100 71
B CyMMe 100 100
35% - ynoTpe6nAIOT B cpejjHNx npejJenaX, a ocTaBuINeCA 5% nbIOT
vpe3MepHo. gnA o.tjHoro Tuna BpejJa Mb1 npeJJnonaraeM, 4To
14HJJNB14)2JyanbHbll7 OTHOCNTenbHblN PUCK (OP) nOBbIUIaeTCA OT 1 AO 4,
H 3aTeM jJ0 20, npu nepexojle OT HN3KOr0 ,no CpenHero, a 3aTeM jTo
BbICOKOrO ypOBHA nOTpe6neHNA. B 3TOM CnyLiae, OjJHa TpeTb o6LLJerO
ypOBHA np0611eM 6yjJeT NCXOjJNTb OT 4pe3MepHO nbIOLLJNX, B TO spew'
KaK 1104TN nOJIOBNHa (47%) uCXOjJNT 143 CeKTOpa nbIOLLJNX Ha
Cpej(HeM ypoBHe. aJ[A BTOporo Tuna pea MbI npej);nonoxcNnN, MTO
OTHOCNTCnbHbIFi pNCK nOBblu]aeTCA ropa3jZ0 6onee pe3K0 Ha BbICOKNX
ypOBHAX nOTpe6neHNA, B 4aCTHOCTN OT 1 AO 4, 14 3aTCM jJ0 100. B
3TOM Cny4ae 11131011.114e MHOrO BHOCAT BKJIaJI, B 6011bUINHCTBO
BO3HNKaEOLLJNX np06neM (71%), B TO BpeM51 KaK nbIOHJNe Ha Cpe,nHeM
ypoBHe OTBe4alOT TOnbKO 3a OjJHy nATyiO BCeX npo6neM. B
nOCnejJHeM cny4ae peg}, MO)KCT MATH o6 ojJHOM N3 XpOHN4CCKNX
3a6oneBaHNN, KOTOpOe ABnAeTCA CnejJCTBNeM jJJINTenbHOTO
3noyn0Tpe6neHNA anKOroneM, TaKNM KaK, HanpNMep, LLNppo3 neMeHN
(Pequignot et al 1978), B TO spew' KaK B npeJJbljJyuJeM cny4ae pe4b
cxopee Bcero Mo)KeT WITH o6 onpejJenexxoM TNne OCTpbIX
COLJNanbHbIX npo6neM (Moore and Gerstein, 1981; Skog 1985a,
Kreitman 1986).
CJIeJJOBaTenbHO, Ha ypOBHC HaCeneHNA OTHOCNTenbHOe 3Ha4eHNe
pâ3nNMHbIX rpynn nOTpe6nAiOLqNX aJIKOrOnb nlOjJel%I B OTHOLLIeHNN HX
108