matrix of responsibility of the engineering team - Board of Engineers ...
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MATRIX OF RESPONSIBILITY OF<br />
THE ENGINEERING TEAM<br />
by<br />
Ir. Chen Thiam Leong<br />
Past President ACEM<br />
Kuching 31 st July 2010
WHO CONSTITUTE<br />
THE ENGINEERING TEAM ?<br />
The Building Industry players:-<br />
1. C & S <strong>team</strong><br />
2. M & E <strong>team</strong>
The Engineering Team Members<br />
• Qualified Person<br />
• Submitting Person<br />
• Design Engineer<br />
• Resident Engineer<br />
• Project Engineer<br />
• Clerk <strong>of</strong> Works<br />
• Main Contractor<br />
• Trade Contractors<br />
• Principal Submitting Person
MATRIX OF RESPONSIBILITY<br />
CCC or CFO or OP<br />
• Who is liable?<br />
• Who is responsible?<br />
• Who is accountable?
The Building Construction Matrix<br />
Design<br />
Engineer<br />
Engineering<br />
Assistant<br />
DESIGN STAGE<br />
Submitting Person<br />
IR<br />
Submit<br />
for<br />
Approval
The Building Construction Matrix<br />
Resident<br />
Engineer<br />
COWs<br />
CONSTRUCTION STAGE<br />
Submitting Person<br />
IR<br />
Main/Trade<br />
Contractors<br />
Sub<br />
Contractors
Liability?<br />
The Building Construction Matrix<br />
Accountability?<br />
POST CONSTRUCTION STAGE<br />
Resident<br />
Engineer<br />
COWs<br />
Submitting Person<br />
IR<br />
Main/Trade<br />
Contractors<br />
Responsibility?<br />
Accountability?<br />
Pr<strong>of</strong>essional<br />
Liability<br />
for Life<br />
Sub<br />
Contractors<br />
???
THE SUBMITTING PERSON<br />
• When does <strong>the</strong> <strong>responsibility</strong> and<br />
pr<strong>of</strong>essional liability begin? And end?<br />
Can it be for Design only ?<br />
Construction stage only ?<br />
What if Supervision is by O<strong>the</strong>rs ?<br />
Design NOT Supervise BUT sign CCC ?<br />
Any o<strong>the</strong>r permutations ?
CCC Master<br />
Flow-chart<br />
Submission to<br />
Technical depts<br />
R & D<br />
Street Lighting<br />
Landscape<br />
Liaise with<br />
Authorities to<br />
take over<br />
Planning Approved<br />
Pre-Comp Plan Approved<br />
Submission by<br />
AR/IR on Bldg Plan<br />
Planning Dept<br />
Structural Plan<br />
Sub-struct/Foundation<br />
Int Sanitary<br />
Issue CCC<br />
Passive Fire<br />
Int Water<br />
Active Fire<br />
Lift Etc<br />
Submission by IR<br />
for Infra Works<br />
Earthworks<br />
Ext Main Drains<br />
Ext Water Ret<br />
Sewerage Ret<br />
Ext Electrical Infra<br />
Telecommunication<br />
Completion <strong>of</strong> construction – certification by builder, tradesmen, IR, AR<br />
Liaise with<br />
Authorities to<br />
take over
Forms F’s and G’s<br />
• Form E replaced by Form F or F1<br />
• Forms G1 to G21- must be submitted toge<strong>the</strong>r<br />
with ei<strong>the</strong>r Form F or F1<br />
• Forms Gs serve to track those responsible,<br />
accountable and liable – THE MATRIX OF<br />
RESPONSIBILITY
“UNIFORM BUILDING BY-LAWS 1984<br />
FORM F<br />
CERTIFICATE OF COMPLETION AND COMPLIANCE<br />
[By -Law 25]<br />
To:<br />
*………………………………….<br />
Date:……………………..<br />
I hereby issue <strong>the</strong> Certificate <strong>of</strong> Completion and Compliance for <strong>the</strong> building/s<br />
on Lot/s………........ Section......……… Jalan...................................................<br />
upon being satisfied that it has been completed in accordance with approved<br />
plan No. ................. dated .......................<br />
I have supervised <strong>the</strong> erection and completion <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> building/s and it is to <strong>the</strong><br />
best <strong>of</strong> my knowledge and belief that such work/s is/are in accordance with <strong>the</strong><br />
Act, Uniform Building By-laws 1984 and approved plans. I hereby certify that<br />
<strong>the</strong> building/s is/are safe and fit for occupation.<br />
……………………………………<br />
(Principal submitting person)
1. Particulars <strong>of</strong> principal submitting person<br />
Name : ………………….…………………………………………..<br />
Address: .……………..……………………………………………….<br />
**BAM/BEM Registration No. ……..............................……………..<br />
2. Copy to:<br />
(a) Local Authority : ...………………........................................<br />
(Name <strong>of</strong> Local Authority)<br />
(b) <strong>Board</strong> <strong>of</strong> Architects Malaysia (BAM)/<strong>Board</strong> <strong>of</strong> <strong>Engineers</strong><br />
Malaysia (BEM)<br />
* The developer, if it is for development o<strong>the</strong>r than individually built<br />
buildings or, <strong>the</strong> owner, if it is for an individually built building<br />
** Delete whichever is inapplicable.<br />
___________________________________________________”, and<br />
(c) by inserting after Form F <strong>the</strong> following forms:
UNIFORM BUILDING BY-LAWS 1984<br />
FORM G 1<br />
STAGE CERTIFICATION : EARTHWORKS<br />
(By-law 25 or 27)<br />
Project Title: .....................................................................<br />
*1. We certify that we have supervised and/or carried out <strong>the</strong> construction and<br />
completion <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> earthworks and that to <strong>the</strong> best <strong>of</strong> our knowledge and belief<br />
such works are in accordance with <strong>the</strong> Approved Earthwork Plans Ref. No. :<br />
……………………….. and that we accept full <strong>responsibility</strong> for <strong>the</strong> same.<br />
Name (Individual) #Registration No. Signature<br />
(a) Contractor ............................ ........................... ....................<br />
(CIDB) (Date: )<br />
(b) Submitting person ............................ ........................... .....................<br />
(BEM) (Date: )<br />
I
UNIFORM BUILDING BY-LAWS 1984<br />
FORM G 4<br />
STAGE CERTIFICATION : STRUCTURAL<br />
(By-law 25 or 27)<br />
Project Title: .........................................................................<br />
* We certify that we have supervised and/or carried out <strong>the</strong> erection and<br />
completion <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> structural works and that to <strong>the</strong> best <strong>of</strong> our knowledge and<br />
belief such works are in accordance with <strong>the</strong> Deposited Structural Plans Ref.<br />
No. : ................................. and that we accept full <strong>responsibility</strong> for <strong>the</strong> same.<br />
Name (Individual) #Registration No. Signature<br />
(a) Contractor ............................ ........................... ....................<br />
(CIDB) (Date: )<br />
(b) Submitting person ............................ ........................... .....................<br />
(BEM) (Date: )
UNIFORM BUILDING BY-LAWS 1984<br />
FORM G 5<br />
STAGE CERTIFICATION : INTERNAL WATER PLUMBING<br />
(By-law 25 or 27)<br />
Project Title: ...................................................................<br />
*1. We certify that we have supervised and/or carried out <strong>the</strong> erection and<br />
completion <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> internal water plumbing works and that to <strong>the</strong> best <strong>of</strong> our<br />
knowledge and belief such works are in accordance with <strong>the</strong> *approved<br />
plans/Deposited Plans Ref. No. : ........................................... and that we<br />
accept full <strong>responsibility</strong> for <strong>the</strong> same.<br />
Name (Individual) #Registration No. Signature<br />
(a) Trade contractor ............................ ........................... .....................<br />
(Licensed plumber) +( ) (Date: )<br />
(b) Submitting Person ............................ ................................ .........................<br />
(*BAM/BEM) (Date: )
FORM F<br />
CERTIFICATE OF COMPLETION AND COMPLIANCE<br />
FORM F1<br />
PARTIAL CERTIFICATE OF COMPLETION AND<br />
COMPLIANCE<br />
FORM G 1 (Approved Plans)<br />
STAGE CERTIFICATION : EARTHWORKS<br />
FORM G 2 (Approved Plans)<br />
STAGE CERTIFICATION : SETTING OUT<br />
FORM G 3 (Deposited Plans)<br />
STAGE CERTIFICATION : FOUNDATIONS<br />
FORM G 4 (Deposited Plans)<br />
STAGE CERTIFICATION : STRUCTURAL
FORM G 5 (Approved/Deposited Plans)<br />
STAGE CERTIFICATION : INTERNAL WATER<br />
PLUMBING<br />
FORM G 6 (Approved/Deposited Plans)<br />
STAGE CERTIFICATION : INTERNAL SANITARY<br />
PLUMBING<br />
FORM G 7 (Submitting person’s Endorsed Plans)<br />
STAGE CERTIFICATION : INTERNAL ELECTRICAL<br />
FORM G 8 (Approved/Deposited Plans)<br />
STAGE CERTIFICATION : FIRE-FIGHTING (PASSIVE)<br />
FORM G 9 (Approved/Deposited Plans)<br />
STAGE CERTIFICATION : FIRE-FIGHTING (ACTIVE)<br />
FORM G 10 (Submitting person’s Endorsed Plans)<br />
STAGE CERTIFICATION : MECHANICAL VENTILATION
FORM G 11 (Submitting person’s Endorsed Plans)<br />
STAGE CERTIFICATION : LIFT/ESCALATOR<br />
INSTALLATION<br />
FORM G 12 (Approved Plans)<br />
STAGE CERTIFICATION : BUILDING<br />
FORM G 13 (Approved Plans)<br />
STAGE CERTIFICATION : EXTERNAL WATER SUPPLY<br />
SYSTEM<br />
FORM G 14 (Approved Plans)<br />
STAGE CERTIFICATION : SEWERAGE RETICULATION<br />
FORM G 15 (Approved Plans)<br />
STAGE CERTIFICATION : SEWERAGE TREATMENT<br />
PLANT<br />
FORM G 16 (Approved Plans)<br />
STAGE CERTIFICATION : EXTERNAL ELECTRICAL<br />
SUPPLY SYSTEM<br />
FORM G 17 (Approved/Deposited Plans)<br />
STAGE CERTIFICATION : ROAD AND DRAIN
FORM G 18 (Approved/Deposited Plans)<br />
STAGE CERTIFICATION : STREET LIGHTING<br />
FORM G 19 (Approved)<br />
STAGE CERTIFICATION : EXTERNAL MAIN DRAIN<br />
FORM G 20 (Approved/Deposited Plans)<br />
STAGE CERTIFICATION : TELECOMMUNICATION<br />
FORM G 21 (Approved)<br />
STAGE CERTIFICATION : LANDSCAPE
Building Services (M&E) Failures –<br />
“How extensive is this problem in<br />
Malaysia ?”
• Engineering Failures: Building Services<br />
engineers (M&E) are a lucky lot compared<br />
to <strong>the</strong>ir (C&S) brethrens<br />
• The fault <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> engineer (be it <strong>the</strong> designer,<br />
installer or supervisor) can hardly be<br />
disputed when a landslide or building<br />
structure collapses<br />
• One and/or <strong>the</strong> o<strong>the</strong>r <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong>se relevant<br />
<strong>engineering</strong> pr<strong>of</strong>essionals will be held<br />
responsible and accountable<br />
• The call for someone’s head to roll is<br />
normally associated with such failures<br />
especially when <strong>the</strong>re are human fatalities<br />
• These failures are almost always visible and<br />
cannot be swept under <strong>the</strong> carpet
• Difficult and usually cumbersome, if not<br />
almost inconclusive to establish who is at<br />
fault when an M&E failure occurs<br />
• Only rarely is <strong>the</strong>re a fatality (or even<br />
casualty) and even <strong>the</strong>n it is more likely to<br />
be established to be due to human error<br />
(operational fault)<br />
• Therefore, it is not surprising to perceive<br />
that M&E failures are not prevalent,<br />
including in our local industry<br />
• Does not mean that <strong>the</strong> nation should be at<br />
ease with our track record because whilst<br />
injury and lives may not be at stake,<br />
unnecessary monetary losses can affect our<br />
national economy and progress
• Whenever <strong>the</strong>re is need to establish <strong>the</strong><br />
party responsible for a particular M&E<br />
failure, <strong>the</strong> end-user is “short-changed”<br />
• In recognizing <strong>the</strong> need to address this<br />
fundamental service to <strong>the</strong> community at<br />
large, <strong>the</strong> ACEM-IEM Panel <strong>of</strong> Experts was<br />
set up in 2000, which includes a register <strong>of</strong><br />
M&E experts side by side with C&S<br />
engineers
ENGINEERING FAILURES<br />
• Earliest tragic building industry failure in<br />
Malaysia: <strong>the</strong> 1968 collapse <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> 4-Storey Jalan<br />
Raja Laut Flats in Kuala Lumpur, which<br />
contributed to <strong>the</strong> subsequent gazetting <strong>of</strong> UBBL<br />
1984<br />
• Most devastating ‘failure’ was undoubtedly <strong>the</strong><br />
Highland Towers tragedy in 2003<br />
• Both relate to C&S <strong>engineering</strong> failures with<br />
fatalities that led to wide spread media coverage<br />
and White Papers<br />
• O<strong>the</strong>r less ‘impactful’ failures are <strong>the</strong> Defence<br />
Bunker, MRR2, Matsushita bridge, ro<strong>of</strong><br />
structure collapses and so on<br />
• All <strong>the</strong>se C&S failures made it to <strong>the</strong> news since<br />
such failures are ra<strong>the</strong>r obvious and visible
• What about M&E failures ?<br />
• Building fires immediately come to mind, such as<br />
<strong>the</strong> Campbell Complex fire, <strong>the</strong> series <strong>of</strong> Subang<br />
Airport fires, <strong>the</strong> Bank Bumiputra fire, Bright<br />
Sparklers fire, UM Hall fire, and so on<br />
• However, none <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong>se are ever classified as M&E<br />
<strong>engineering</strong> failures but ra<strong>the</strong>r as purely fire<br />
incidents and “avoidable tragedies”<br />
• Next list: <strong>the</strong> ‘Hospital Mould’ fiasco, TNB Substation<br />
explosions, Elevator mishaps etc<br />
• Here again it is not conclusive to pin <strong>the</strong>se failures<br />
decisively on M&E <strong>engineering</strong> per se
• Therefore, it is true that M&E engineers tend to<br />
get away ra<strong>the</strong>r easily, especially when <strong>the</strong>re are<br />
no human casualties but merely financial<br />
setbacks<br />
• None<strong>the</strong>less, it cannot be disputed that <strong>the</strong>re<br />
have indeed been significant failures (or errors)<br />
attributed to M&E <strong>engineering</strong> in this country
LOCAL MODUS OPERANDI<br />
• In general, (potential) failures <strong>of</strong> M&E<br />
installations can occur during <strong>the</strong> following<br />
stages (or a combination) <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> building<br />
construction industry;<br />
Design stage<br />
Supervision stage<br />
Installation stage (including procurement)<br />
Testing & Commissioning stage<br />
Operation stage<br />
Maintenance stage
EXAMPLES OF M&E<br />
FAILURES
DOWNCOMER PROBLEM<br />
• Lack <strong>of</strong> water pressure for fire fighting at<br />
topmost floor <strong>of</strong> an apartment block<br />
• When a fire broke out at <strong>the</strong> topmost floor <strong>of</strong> a<br />
20 storey apartment block, <strong>the</strong>re was<br />
insufficient water pressure at <strong>the</strong> landing valves<br />
to fight <strong>the</strong> fire although <strong>the</strong> Downcomer fire<br />
riser system was in proper working order
20 Storey<br />
Apartment<br />
Building<br />
10000gal<br />
Downcomer<br />
Water Tank<br />
on ro<strong>of</strong> top<br />
= 80m
• Was this a case <strong>of</strong> design fault ?<br />
• No, because UBBL ’84 (& SBO ’94), permits<br />
<strong>the</strong> installation <strong>of</strong> a Downcomer system instead<br />
<strong>of</strong> a pressurized Wet Riser system<br />
• This has resulted in <strong>the</strong> lack <strong>of</strong> adequate water<br />
pressure for <strong>the</strong> upper floors where it is most<br />
needed in times <strong>of</strong> emergency<br />
• (Note that with or without <strong>the</strong> Downcomer<br />
system, <strong>the</strong> lower floors can be easily served by<br />
<strong>the</strong> Fire Tender)<br />
• The industry will sooner than later need to<br />
address this issue for a permanent solution
20 Storey<br />
Apartment<br />
Building<br />
Hose Pressure<br />
75 psi<br />
only<br />
at 13F & below<br />
10000gal<br />
Downcomer<br />
Water Tank<br />
on ro<strong>of</strong> top<br />
>13F water<br />
Pressure<br />
NOT ok<br />
Fire sprinkler failure during a hotel fire<br />
• When a fire broke out on <strong>the</strong> upper floor <strong>of</strong> a<br />
high rise hotel, <strong>the</strong> sprinkler bulb broke but<br />
water only dripped out although <strong>the</strong> sprinkler<br />
pump was working<br />
• Clearly <strong>the</strong>re was insufficient water pressure and<br />
all fingers pointed to an under-sized sprinkler<br />
pump
• Subsequent investigation uncovered <strong>the</strong><br />
following embarrassment;<br />
– The hotel was designed with a 2-stage<br />
sprinkler pumping system and both designs<br />
are in compliance with <strong>the</strong> relevant codes and<br />
standards<br />
– The upper stage sprinkler pump was<br />
unfortunately connected to <strong>the</strong> lower stage<br />
sprinkler riser, and <strong>the</strong> lower stage pump to<br />
<strong>the</strong> upper stage riser, with <strong>the</strong> end result <strong>of</strong><br />
one being over-pressurised and <strong>the</strong> o<strong>the</strong>r<br />
under-pressurised
• There was no design error but ra<strong>the</strong>r <strong>the</strong> failure<br />
<strong>of</strong> proper supervision <strong>of</strong> installation and<br />
commissioning<br />
• Hopefully, such an error will never be repeated,<br />
and fortunately <strong>the</strong>re was no human casualty in<br />
this fire
Diners smelling like <strong>the</strong> food<br />
• Diners patronizing a 5-star restaurant<br />
complained that <strong>the</strong>ir expensive clothing smelled<br />
like <strong>the</strong> food <strong>the</strong>y ate<br />
• Such a problem is common with low-end shoplot<br />
type restaurants which are air-conditioned<br />
with low budget split units but certainly<br />
avoidable for high end restaurants with a<br />
properly designed air-conditioning and<br />
ventilation system
Split fan<br />
Coil unit<br />
Conditioned air recirculated<br />
No fresh air introduced
Supply air duct<br />
AHU / FCU<br />
Conditioned air recirculated<br />
with fresh air introduced<br />
Fresh air duct<br />
Return air
• The problem was traced to defective installation<br />
ra<strong>the</strong>r than <strong>the</strong> original design<br />
• In this instance, <strong>the</strong> resident project manager<br />
modified <strong>the</strong> design when encountered with<br />
space constraint to install <strong>the</strong> supply and exhaust<br />
fans<br />
• The lack <strong>of</strong> sufficient air-change resulted in <strong>the</strong><br />
‘undiluted’ recirculated conditioned air to be<br />
absorbed by <strong>the</strong> clothing <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> patrons (toge<strong>the</strong>r<br />
with its odour)
exhaust<br />
Supply air duct<br />
AHU / FCU<br />
Conditioned air recirculated<br />
with fresh air introduced<br />
Fresh air duct<br />
Return air
BEM Circulars (13)<br />
• Submission <strong>of</strong> Plans by Architects, Pr<strong>of</strong>essional<br />
<strong>Engineers</strong> and Registered Building Draughtsmen<br />
• Supervision <strong>of</strong> Construction <strong>of</strong> Projects<br />
• A Guide to Good Engineering Practice for M&E<br />
<strong>Engineers</strong><br />
• Guidelines for An Engineer Taking Over The<br />
Work <strong>of</strong> Ano<strong>the</strong>r
END<br />
THANK YOU