The Fate of Western Hungary 1918-1921 - Corvinus Library ...

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Austria’s request for prior evacuation, which was a precondition to Hungarian- Austrian talks.” 413 In all likelihood, Austria raised an objection because it felt tacit support from Prague. In a report sent from Prague on the following day, the 4 th , there were two Czechoslovak divisions stationed in and around the city. “In the Austrian Reichswehr units on the border of Western Hungary are a large number of Czech soldiers in Austrian uniform who were transported over from [the former] Northern Hungary.” 414 With the handing over of the territory to be annexed by the signing of the pro forma agreement, the long drawn out Western Hungary question seemed to be solved. The protocol permitted Hungary to continue to exercise control over Sopron and its surroundings by Gyula Ostenburg’s battalion as the “Sopron Territorial Police” force. As we have written previously, the morning telegraph exchange of September 3 between PM Bethlen and Deputy Commissioner Villani, the latter also reported: “The rebels have most recently issued stamps with the overprinting of ‘Rebel Occupied Hungary’.” 415 There were several reasons for this. When Hungarian authorities evacuated zone ‘A’, the Royal Hungarian Mail also took with it its supply of postage stamps. The postal service which arrived in the territory with the advancing Austrian gendarmes also fled after the outbreak of the insurrection and the once-again Hungarian post offices were without stamps. Thus, until the arrival of official supplies from Hungary, the rebels were forced to look after stamps for their own letter writing needs. Hence, the representatives of the free-forces made use of the stocks of Hungarian stamps with various overprinting. The stamps were then carried by the rebel patrols to those village post offices which ran out of stamps. The overprinting not only served as value distinctions but also as a warning to the Austrian invaders. The rebel forces censored mail and post card traffic in their areas of control, stamping the cleared items with their seals. It also served to authenticate and legitimize their overprinted postal stamps. Due to the campaign situation, military camp postcards were also issued. Those issued by the 1 st Rebel Army were printed on September 2 but were released into circulation on the 5 th when an order covering them took effect. The stamp series featured a black overprint with the text: Rebel Occupied Part of Hungary, Aug.-Sep. 1921. On September 18, the 5 th Rebel Army (Gyula Ostenburg’s detachment) issued the Mining and Forestry Academy’s rebels’ stamp series, overprinted with a black skull and crossbones and the text: Rebels of Western Hungary, Sept. 1921, zone ‘A’. The Officer Company of the Sopron students made an inspection round of the local civil militias on September 20 and visited the post offices in several villages in the Nagymarton and Kismarton districts. They removed the yellow mail boxes left behind by the retreating Austrian authorities and replaced the Royal Hungarian Mail’s boxes. 413 Zsiga, 1989, op. cit., pp. 127–128. 414 MOL. K 26. 1264. csomó. 1921–XLII–6959. szám, p. 16. The correct name of the Austrian force in question was Bundesheer [Allied military force]. 415 Ibid, 1388. csomó. 1920–„H” tétel, p. 364. 158
They also burned the stamp inventories the Austrians left behind and supplied adequate numbers of the rebel’s “death’s head” stamps for use. In all, the rebels printed nine series of stamps but only seven were released. 159
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The Fate of Western Hungary 1918-19
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CONTENTS Foreword………………
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contemplate - no matter how the cra
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declaration.” 3 The basis for the
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1918, in its second edition. 8 ) Ge
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of President Woodrow Wilson’s 14
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assessed from this perspective.”
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agreement regarding the delivery of
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goal was to organize, in advance, t
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accompanied by an Austrian military
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The reasons for the minuscule milit
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statements, among other things, is
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counties. The Romanian Army advanci
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were made up of about 20,000 armed
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The tacit support by the Austrian g
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addressed a memorandum 63 to Prime
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county directorates published their
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with its seat in Sopron. It brought
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The later name of ‘Burgenland,’
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the representatives of Romania, Cze
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Romanians, in like manner, wanted t
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191,000 (13.5%) Slavs would have be
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committee of the Peace Conference u
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to a rejection of the Anschluss (un
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Pozsony County and, in the Paris Pe
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István Széchenyi (1791-1860) and
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and consultation of the affected po
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Also significant was the trade in p
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Austria,” and Zoltán Palotás,
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August 16, stating that every armed
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Finally, and once more, we must fir
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The center of the Vend region, 143
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Szombathely travelled to the Vend r
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his co-nationals in the Vend region
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force - 7 battalions, 8 mounted com
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Incidentally, to bolster their clai
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two Szekler battalions and an artil
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odies and contact with foreign enti
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large volumes of maps and statistic
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agenda.” Lansing: “Perhaps it w
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the subject matter and content of t
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consideration the existing western
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external political education, raisi
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Proclamation: “Our historical iss
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amount).” 210 French Prime Minist
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31, 1920. 215 French forces pulled
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supported by the Styrian government
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stronger stance with regard to West
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continue talks with Hungary. Howeve
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Hungarian Cabinet meeting, that und
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involvement in the royal coup attem
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closed case - Please do something,
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it was a secret report by Lt.Col. O
Page 107 and 108: e ceded to Austria. The area is to
Page 109 and 110: trade concessions. This was justifi
Page 111 and 112: etained lawyer József Östör to a
Page 113 and 114: manifestation, any encouraging word
Page 115 and 116: ackground of this institution becau
Page 117 and 118: Chapter 6: The Western Hungary insu
Page 119 and 120: destination of Felsőőr, the distr
Page 121 and 122: the first clash of Ágfalva. This w
Page 123 and 124: they expressed their thanks for our
Page 125 and 126: of Borostyánkő or the vicinity of
Page 127 and 128: and not to start to travel towards
Page 129 and 130: doctors, and, based on purely their
Page 131 and 132: in the skirmish and the gendarmes t
Page 133 and 134: evening. 348 Still back on the 4 th
Page 135 and 136: international news media and focuse
Page 137 and 138: Zárány was taken into custody by
Page 139 and 140: enemy incursion into Hungarian terr
Page 141 and 142: The second battle of Ágfalva - as
Page 143 and 144: Mayor Mihály Thurner of Sopron and
Page 145 and 146: On September 12, the prime minister
Page 147 and 148: insurrection was the already mentio
Page 149 and 150: the Hungarian government for financ
Page 151 and 152: police bodyguards, which he might n
Page 153 and 154: [Entente] generals’ mission deman
Page 155 and 156: well, they kept the pressure on the
Page 157: proclamation of the state of Lajta-
Page 161 and 162: our principles from the flood of th
Page 163 and 164: The post of overall commander of th
Page 165 and 166: peace, attempting to bring down pub
Page 167 and 168: Kismarton and Ruszt). According to
Page 169 and 170: handling of issues, as decreed by t
Page 171 and 172: pensions, as well as stipulating a
Page 173 and 174: Banate was declared to be Hungarian
Page 175 and 176: expected. Thus, he asked Bethlen to
Page 177 and 178: Thus, it is clearly evident that th
Page 179 and 180: face, rather it carried four lines
Page 181 and 182: newspapers of the ‘20s and ‘30s
Page 183 and 184: Paris Peace Conference rejected it
Page 185 and 186: Aladár Boroviczény - Charles Habs
Page 187 and 188: prerogatives, although they must ha
Page 189 and 190: Borderland, although not openly wel
Page 191 and 192: Sopron and János Ambroschitz, colu
Page 193 and 194: Austria - who were ineligible to vo
Page 195 and 196: the voting stations, while attempti
Page 197 and 198: the Hungarians that they must submi
Page 199 and 200: inventoried the entire house and co
Page 201 and 202: planted by the bridge over the cree
Page 203 and 204: territory and 16.1% of the populati
Page 205 and 206: Bibliography 525 Chapter 1: From al
Page 207 and 208: Sopronyi-Thurner, Mihály: A magyar
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Romhányi, Zsófia: A saint-germain
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Fogarassy, László: Háború hadü
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Sopron, 1925.) Német nyelven: Trä
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Gévay-Wolff, Lajos: Csoda történ
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Gecsényi, Lajos: Iratok Magyarorsz
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