The Fate of Western Hungary 1918-1921 - Corvinus Library ...

More documents

Recommendations

Info

in ink.) Our goal was to organize civic guards in certain villages and thus ensure complete order and public safety. And for us to check that by simple patrols. We thus achieved that a substantial portion of the population took our side with confidence.” 390 The Officer Company visited the local civic guards a few days later and noted that they were working well, to the satisfaction of the population. The armed force of the students took over direction of public administration within their defined operational perimeter in Sopron County, after the withdrawal of the Austrians. Within their operating zone, they set up their command post in Nagymarton, in the Posta Hotel. The head of the newly instituted visa department was overseen by 1 st Lt. Károly Obendorf, mining student; the censorship and postal affairs was handled by Lajos Krug, forestry student; and dr. Károly Dobrovits became head of the customs department. The staff platoon of the students was located in Kismarton. By the end of September, they kept under control to two of the important stations along the historic Hungarian-Austrian border, Savanyúkút and Lajtaújfalu, and in a matter of days stopped the smuggling of goods. In the meantime, Count Sigray notified the prime minister on September 13 that the Entente generals in Sopron read to him the notice of the Council of Ambassadors. The gist of it was that the Austrian and Hungarian government come to an agreement with regard to the Western Hungary question before September 27. According to the Commissioner, “it is likely that the Austrians will make use of the shortage of time and will keep the entire territory.” Bethlen’s response: then we will state that “under the Trianon treaty terms that are most favorable to us, we will ask not only for the handing over of Baranya County but also that Austria pay us, in cash or give us guarantees we can accept, their debts of the mutual assets. Perhaps we can also raise the countervalue of government assets on the territories to be handed over. All in all, we can raise a lot [of issues] with which we can drag out the negotiations.” In the Commissioners next report, still in the morning of September 13, the Hungarian public administration is working undisturbed in the zone ‘A’ emptied by the Austrians but that trains are only running to the Austrian border. What is more, the Entente generals are of the opinion that “the armed rebels, as civic guards and patrols, are maintaining flawless order.” 391 During these days, in mid-September, politicians once again raised the possibility that, to prevent the annexation of Western Hungary to Austria, an ‘autonomous Burgenland’ be proclaimed. In his September 13 morning report, Sigray also informed the PM that the question “from certain quarters, has been raised seriously before me. The plan would be that, in a few days in Sopron, the representatives of the villages, etc. would proclaim an independent Burgenland. They would petition to be a protectorate of Hungary and to keep the gendarmes and authorities until the natives [i.e.- the people now living in the Borderland about to be annexed-J.B.] could replace them. At the same time, they would ask 390 Krug, 1930, op. cit., pp. 93-94. 391 MOL. K 26. 1388. csomó. 1922–„H” tétel, pp. 481–482, 484. 148
the Hungarian government for financial and other assistance. The people in question believe that this would help in the Hungarian government’s position. I replied that, in its present state, I would lodge a protest against the proclamation of such a Burgenland. (…) I asked them to take up get in touch with the government and present their plan there, as a possible expedient, if all else becomes impossible. As far as I know, representative Huber [János Huber of the National Assembly] will go up and will present himself with this, and other plans with the prime minister.” Shortly afterwards, PM Bethlen again telegraphed Count Sigray, who he informed that if the Entente ambassadors had a new condition for the handover of the territory, meaning the replacement of Maj. Ostenburg and Capt. Ranzenberger, “we will of course agree (…) as to the autonomous status of Burgenland, I too consider that as the ultima ratio [last resort-ed.]. 392 At 11:00 on the following day, the 14 th , secretary Maróthy reported from the Commissariat in Sigray’s name to the PM: “According to reliable sources, the Vas and Sopron county rebels and free-troops stated to Hungarian and Entente officers that the Hungarian government, which is willing to give up Western Hungary or a portion of it, no longer commands them. They will not evacuate the region. They consider the sending of Lt.Gen. Hegedűs as the sign of a potential disarmament… They trust that Hungarian forces will be loath to disarm Hungarian rebels who are protecting their country. It is a possibility that certain rebel units will resist being disarmed. The consequences are inestimable, since the Hungarian forces are naturally sympathetic to the rebels. The rebels are still upholding exemplary order. They would like to proclaim an independent Burgenland and organize its armed force. (…) Before a disarmament plan initiated by the Hungarian side is considered, the method should be carefully considered in light of the above. (…) if the government is able to point also to accomplishments, it could lead to greater success than the beginning of inflexible military action.” 393 Lt.Gen. Hegedűs also filed a telegram report regarding the September 14 events: the delegation of Kabold and Veperd villages called on the Entente Mission in Sopron where they asked for Hungarian gendarmes to maintain public safety. In the village of Savanyúkút, an Austrian Oedenburger Infanterie Regiment [Infantry Regiment of Sopron] was formed, conceivably from the “émigré rabble of Lt.Col. Faragó.” At noon, PM Bethlen informed Lt.Gen. Hegedűs of the following: “I wish to reassure Commissioner Sigray that the cleansing of the rebels in zone ‘A’ has not been decided yet. We will only decide this if an agreement becomes possible regarding all of our questions, which also serves our interests. We cannot do such foolishness that we disarm Hungarians in such an area that we handed over to Austria. To do such a service to Austria, then evacuate zone ‘B’ and hand it, too, to Austria. Thus, there will either be an agreement regarding all questions, in which case we will 392 Ibid, pp. 485–486. 393 Ibid, p. 500. 149
Page 1 and 2:
The Fate of Western Hungary 1918-19
Page 3 and 4:
CONTENTS Foreword………………
Page 5 and 6:
contemplate - no matter how the cra
Page 7 and 8:
declaration.” 3 The basis for the
Page 9 and 10:
1918, in its second edition. 8 ) Ge
Page 11 and 12:
of President Woodrow Wilson’s 14
Page 13 and 14:
assessed from this perspective.”
Page 15 and 16:
agreement regarding the delivery of
Page 17 and 18:
goal was to organize, in advance, t
Page 19 and 20:
accompanied by an Austrian military
Page 21 and 22:
The reasons for the minuscule milit
Page 23 and 24:
statements, among other things, is
Page 25 and 26:
counties. The Romanian Army advanci
Page 27 and 28:
were made up of about 20,000 armed
Page 29 and 30:
The tacit support by the Austrian g
Page 31 and 32:
addressed a memorandum 63 to Prime
Page 33 and 34:
county directorates published their
Page 35 and 36:
with its seat in Sopron. It brought
Page 37 and 38:
The later name of ‘Burgenland,’
Page 39 and 40:
the representatives of Romania, Cze
Page 41 and 42:
Romanians, in like manner, wanted t
Page 43 and 44:
191,000 (13.5%) Slavs would have be
Page 45 and 46:
committee of the Peace Conference u
Page 47 and 48:
to a rejection of the Anschluss (un
Page 49 and 50:
Pozsony County and, in the Paris Pe
Page 51 and 52:
István Széchenyi (1791-1860) and
Page 53 and 54:
and consultation of the affected po
Page 55 and 56:
Also significant was the trade in p
Page 57 and 58:
Austria,” and Zoltán Palotás,
Page 59 and 60:
August 16, stating that every armed
Page 61 and 62:
Finally, and once more, we must fir
Page 63 and 64:
The center of the Vend region, 143
Page 65 and 66:
Szombathely travelled to the Vend r
Page 67 and 68:
his co-nationals in the Vend region
Page 69 and 70:
force - 7 battalions, 8 mounted com
Page 71 and 72:
Incidentally, to bolster their clai
Page 73 and 74:
two Szekler battalions and an artil
Page 75 and 76:
odies and contact with foreign enti
Page 77 and 78:
large volumes of maps and statistic
Page 79 and 80:
agenda.” Lansing: “Perhaps it w
Page 81 and 82:
the subject matter and content of t
Page 83 and 84:
consideration the existing western
Page 85 and 86:
external political education, raisi
Page 87 and 88:
Proclamation: “Our historical iss
Page 89 and 90:
amount).” 210 French Prime Minist
Page 91 and 92:
31, 1920. 215 French forces pulled
Page 93 and 94:
supported by the Styrian government
Page 95 and 96:
stronger stance with regard to West
Page 97 and 98: continue talks with Hungary. Howeve
Page 99 and 100: Hungarian Cabinet meeting, that und
Page 101 and 102: involvement in the royal coup attem
Page 103 and 104: closed case - Please do something,
Page 105 and 106: it was a secret report by Lt.Col. O
Page 107 and 108: e ceded to Austria. The area is to
Page 109 and 110: trade concessions. This was justifi
Page 111 and 112: etained lawyer József Östör to a
Page 113 and 114: manifestation, any encouraging word
Page 115 and 116: ackground of this institution becau
Page 117 and 118: Chapter 6: The Western Hungary insu
Page 119 and 120: destination of Felsőőr, the distr
Page 121 and 122: the first clash of Ágfalva. This w
Page 123 and 124: they expressed their thanks for our
Page 125 and 126: of Borostyánkő or the vicinity of
Page 127 and 128: and not to start to travel towards
Page 129 and 130: doctors, and, based on purely their
Page 131 and 132: in the skirmish and the gendarmes t
Page 133 and 134: evening. 348 Still back on the 4 th
Page 135 and 136: international news media and focuse
Page 137 and 138: Zárány was taken into custody by
Page 139 and 140: enemy incursion into Hungarian terr
Page 141 and 142: The second battle of Ágfalva - as
Page 143 and 144: Mayor Mihály Thurner of Sopron and
Page 145 and 146: On September 12, the prime minister
Page 147: insurrection was the already mentio
Page 151 and 152: police bodyguards, which he might n
Page 153 and 154: [Entente] generals’ mission deman
Page 155 and 156: well, they kept the pressure on the
Page 157 and 158: proclamation of the state of Lajta-
Page 159 and 160: They also burned the stamp inventor
Page 161 and 162: our principles from the flood of th
Page 163 and 164: The post of overall commander of th
Page 165 and 166: peace, attempting to bring down pub
Page 167 and 168: Kismarton and Ruszt). According to
Page 169 and 170: handling of issues, as decreed by t
Page 171 and 172: pensions, as well as stipulating a
Page 173 and 174: Banate was declared to be Hungarian
Page 175 and 176: expected. Thus, he asked Bethlen to
Page 177 and 178: Thus, it is clearly evident that th
Page 179 and 180: face, rather it carried four lines
Page 181 and 182: newspapers of the ‘20s and ‘30s
Page 183 and 184: Paris Peace Conference rejected it
Page 185 and 186: Aladár Boroviczény - Charles Habs
Page 187 and 188: prerogatives, although they must ha
Page 189 and 190: Borderland, although not openly wel
Page 191 and 192: Sopron and János Ambroschitz, colu
Page 193 and 194: Austria - who were ineligible to vo
Page 195 and 196: the voting stations, while attempti
Page 197 and 198: the Hungarians that they must submi
Page 199 and 200:
inventoried the entire house and co
Page 201 and 202:
planted by the bridge over the cree
Page 203 and 204:
territory and 16.1% of the populati
Page 205 and 206:
Bibliography 525 Chapter 1: From al
Page 207 and 208:
Sopronyi-Thurner, Mihály: A magyar
Page 209 and 210:
Romhányi, Zsófia: A saint-germain
Page 211 and 212:
Fogarassy, László: Háború hadü
Page 213 and 214:
Sopron, 1925.) Német nyelven: Trä
Page 215 and 216:
Gévay-Wolff, Lajos: Csoda történ
Page 217 and 218:
Gecsényi, Lajos: Iratok Magyarorsz
Page 219:
219
show all

The Fate of Western Hungary 1918-1921 - Corvinus Library ...

You also want an ePaper? Increase the reach of your titles

Delete template?

Save as template?