Investigating CSI – Background material Table of Contents I ...

Recommendations

Info

E. Other Issues Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) The cell contains two kinds of DNA, a nuclear DNA genome (nucDNA) and mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA). Mitochondrial DNA is the genetic information present in cellular organelles known as mitochondria. These organelles are present in the cytoplasm of the cell and they provide most of the energy a cell needs. One mitochondrion has several copies of mtDNA and there are over fifty mitochondria per cell. Thus a cell could have hundreds of mtDNA. Since mtDNA is inherited from one generation to the next exclusively from the mother, every individual within a given maternal lineage should have the same mtDNA. The figure below demonstrates this inheritance pattern for mtDNA. Similar colours indicate an identical mtDNA pattern. The red squares (males) and red circles (females) show how mtDNA is passed on from the mother to all her children. Testing Methodology The discriminatory power of mtDNA testing arises from the polymorphic nature (for unrelated individuals) of the two hypervariable regions HV1 and HV2 located within the D-loop of the mtDNA. To determine these polymorphisms, the HV1 region (nucleotides 16010-16400) and the HV2 region (nucleotides 50-470) of the mtDNA are sequenced. The sequence data of the test sample and maternal reference are then compared to the standard sequence, the Cambridge Reference Sequence. Any differences between the test sample and the maternal 56
eference sample from the standard sequence are recorded. A similar set of differences of the test sample and maternal reference from the standard sequence indicates relatedness. Indications for mtDNA Sequence Analysis • To determine if siblings (brothers and/or sisters) have the same mother • To determine relatedness from mother’s side of the family (uncles, aunts, grandmothers, etc.) • To reconstruct family maternal-linked relationships • In cases were DNA sample concentration is very low or degraded, especially in forensic cases. (Mitochondrial DNA sequencing is the preferred methodology in these particular samples due to a higher success rate). Source: www.synergeneprofiling.co 57
Page 1 and 2:
Investigating CSI - Background mate
Page 3 and 4:
convict the killer of Gill Dando wa
Page 5 and 6: A forensic scientists needs a honou
Page 7 and 8: lond, is also wearing Air Jordans w
Page 9 and 10: of unidentified remains with the pr
Page 11 and 12: Matching DNA Proving that a suspect
Page 13 and 14: Creating a DNA Profile: The Basics
Page 15 and 16: with thymine and guanine with cytos
Page 17 and 18: power is the combined analysis of a
Page 19 and 20: of DNA profile comparisons done by
Page 21 and 22: II. Tools and Techniques for DNA Fo
Page 23 and 24: p30 Test Unlike the presumptive aci
Page 25 and 26: Specificity refers to how many othe
Page 27 and 28: expected to occur when using your c
Page 29 and 30: helps to bind oxygen as well.) When
Page 31 and 32: chemical reaction, but in order to
Page 33 and 34: 2. Brauner, P.& Gallili, N., "A Con
Page 35 and 36: DNA Extraction Techniques Organic-b
Page 37 and 38: C. Quantification of DNA Southern B
Page 39 and 40: Southern Up Close In this simplifie
Page 41 and 42: 2. cDNA is denatured at more than 9
Page 43 and 44: SYBR-green SYBR green is another me
Page 45 and 46: Let's look at two people and the se
Page 47 and 48: at this locus and a different sized
Page 49 and 50: These loci are located on the same
Page 51 and 52: Short Tandem Repeat (STR) Analysis
Page 53 and 54: The other two PowerPlex16 groups of
Page 55: The Federal Bureau of Investigation
Page 59 and 60: III. Interesting Cases Using DNA Ev
Page 61 and 62: me. But I was also lucky that when
Page 63 and 64: The tests indicated that the drops
Page 65 and 66: July 17, 1918. Czar Nicholas II, hi
Page 67 and 68: Guest list pared With the refusal o
Page 69 and 70: But only 18 of the states are hooke
Page 71: that to all felony offenses, as Ala
show all

Investigating CSI – Background material Table of Contents I ...

You also want an ePaper? Increase the reach of your titles

Delete template?

Save as template?