View - American Journal of Botany

September 1999] KRON ET AL.—PHYLOGENETICS OF ANDROMEDEAE
1293
TABLE 2. Characters used in morphology-based cladistic analysis of Andromedeae. Plesiomorphic characters are listed first, followed by apomorphic
ones. (Polarity decisions based on trees rooted with Enkianthus.)
1. Secondary phloem without bands of fibers (0); secondary phloem with bands of fibers (1).
2. Pith heterogeneous (0); pith homogeneous (1); pith Calluna-type (2). [unordered]
3. Bud scales numerous to 2, if the latter then minute (0); bud scales 2, enlarged (1).
4. Leaves convolute in bud (0); leaves revolute in bud (1).
5. Leaves alternate (0); leaves whorled (1).
6. Leaf venation pinnate (0); leaf venation parallel (1).
7. Vein reticulum open, the secondary and tertiary veins not equally prominent (0); vein reticulum dense, the secondary and tertiary veins
equally prominent (1).
8. Leaf margin serrate or serrulate (0); leaf margin entire (1).
9. Leaf margin lacking raised glands (0); leaf margin with raised glands (1).
10. Leaves deciduous (0); leaves persistent (1). [polarity questionable; see Table 3]
11. Leaf midrib (as seen in cross section) unifacial (0); leaf midrib bifacial (1).
12. Fiber strands absent from leaf mesophyll (0); fiber strands present in leaf mesophyll (1).
13. Leaf epidermis not lignified (0); leaf epidermis at least slightly lignified (1).
14. Leaf epidermal cells not elongated (as seen in cross section) (0); epidermal cells elongated (1).
15. Hypodermis lacking (0); hypodermis present (1).
16. Multicellular hairs on leaves present (0); multicellular hairs lacking (1).
17. Multicellular hairs with small glandular head (or hairs not glandular) (0); multicellular hairs with expanded and elongated, glandular head (1).
18. Peltate scales lacking (0); peltate scales present (with margin irregular-erose) (1); peltate scales present (with margin entire) (2). [unordered]
19. Stalk of multicellular hair multiseriate (0); stalk of multicellular hair biseriate (1).
20. Stomata anomocytic (0); stomata paracytic (1); stomata tetracytic (2). [unordered]
21. Inflorescences monotelic, i.e., terminal flowers present (0); inflorescences polytelic, i.e., terminal flowers lacking (1).
22. Inflorescences developing (and producing flowers and fruits) on shoots of the current season (0); inflorescences developing (and producing
flowers and fruits) on shoots of the previous season (1).
23. Inflorescences within bud (0); inflorescences exposed during winter or dormant season (1).
24. Pedicel lacking bracteoles (0); pedicel with two bracteoles (1); pedicel with several bracteoles (2). [unordered]
25. Bracteoles distinct, variably positioned (0); bracteoles connate, apical (1).
26. Pedicel not articulated with flower (0); pedicel articulated with flower (1).
27. Calyx of imbricate lobes (0); calyx of valvate lobes (1).
28. Calyx lobes brown, dry at maturity (0); calyx lobes usually colorful, fleshy at maturity (1).
29. Adaxial calyx stomata lacking (0); adaxial calyx stomata present (1).
30. Corolla lacking unicellular hairs on inside surface (0); corolla with unicellular hairs on inside surface (1).
31. Corolla lacking multicellular hairs on outer surface (0); corolla with multicellular hairs on outer surface (1).
32. Abaxial corolla stomata present (0); abaxial corolla stomata absent (1).
33. Filaments straight (0); filaments S-shaped (1).
34. Filaments distinct (0); filaments connate (1).
35. Filaments free from corolla (0); filaments adnate to corolla (1).
36. Filaments with unicellular hairs (0); filaments papillose or minutely roughened (1); filaments smooth (2). [unordered]
37. Anthers inverting late in development (0); anthers inverting early in development (1).
38. Anthers with projections (awns or spurs) (0); such projections absent (1).
39. Projections borne on anther, erect to deflexed (0); projections borne at junction of anther and filament (1); projections borne on filament (2).
[unordered]
40. Projections single (or lacking) (0); projections divided (1).
41. Tubules on anthers absent (0); tubules on anthers present (1).
42. Disintegration tissue on back of anthers absent (0); disintegration tissue present (1).
43. Disintegration tissue not extending onto the spurs (or spurs lacking) (0); disintegration tissue extending onto the spurs (1).
44. Anthers open by longitudinal slits (0); anthers open by ‘‘terminal’’ pores (1).
45. Pollen shed as monads (0); pollen shed as tetrads (or modified tetrads) (1).
46. Ovary superior (0); ovary inferior (1).
47. Ovary lacking multicellular gland-headed hairs (0); ovary with multicellular gland-headed hairs (or homologous hair types, e.g., scales) (1).
48. Locules not divided (0); locules incompletely divided by outgrowth of ovary wall (1).
49. Fruit dehiscent (0); fruit indehiscent (1).
50. Fruit lacking thickened sutures (0); fruit with thickened sutures that often separate from the valves in dehiscence (1).
51. Fruit a capsule (0); fruit a berry (1).
52. Seed with vascular bundle in the raphe (0); seed lacking vascular bundle in the raphe (1).
53. Seed lacking fringe formed from differentiated cells (0); seed with fringe due to expanded and/or elongated, bulging cells (1).
54. Seed lacking tails (0); seed with tails, i.e., expanded portion of testa at hilum and chalazal ends (1).
55. Seed lacking unilateral wing (0); seed with unilateral wing (resulting from a flattening of chalazal end of seed, with cells of the wing not
differentiated from those of the body) (1).
56. Testa one-layered (except sometimes in the raphe) (0); testa with several cell layers (1).
57. Testa cells isodiametric (in surface view) (0); testa cells much elongated (1).
58. Methyl salicylate lacking (0); methyl salicylate present (1).
59. Basic chromosome number 11 (0); 12 (1); 18 (2). [unordered]
60. Toxic diterpenes of andromedotoxin type absent (0); toxic diterpenes of andromedotoxin type present (1).