The Art And Architecture of Islamic Cairo

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116–18, 116 Salman 115 Samarqand, Gur-i Mir mausoleum 162, 163 Samarra 28, 29, 31, 40 figure paintings 85 Jausaq al-Khaqani palace 79 minarets 33, 34 ornament 36–7, 38, 53, 91, 93 palaces 37 woodwork 70–1, 78 Samarra style A 37, 38 Samarra style B 37, 38, 71 Samarra style C 37–8, 39, 62, 70, 71, 72, 87, 91, 94, 95 samplers 196, 197 Sanjar al-Jawli, amir 145 khanqah-madrasa 145–7, 146, 149, 150 Saone 104, 107 Saqqara, monastery of St Jeremias 21 Sarghitmish, amir 155 Sassanian empire architecture 37, 159, 162 art 193 iwan 116 metalwork 83, 168 motifs and designs 37, 70, 71, 73, 74, 76, 96, 171 portable thrones 21 rock crystal carving 89 textiles 96 Sayyida Atika 65 Sayyida Nafisa 64, 65, 112, 121 Sayyida Ruqayya mashhad 63, 65, 78, 121 mihrab 114 Sayyida Zaynab 64, 65 Sayyidna al-Husain 66–7 scarf dancers 79, 81, 85 Seattle Art Museum 78 Selim, sultan 143, 232, 233 Seljuk Turks 46, 69, 99, 124 architecture 128, 157 art 171 carpets 195, 196 sultanate 124 Sens, Byzantine silk 96 Serçe Limani shipwreck 94–5 Sfax (Tunisia), Great Mosque 61 Sha’ban, sultan 185–6, 187 Shafi’i, lawyer 26 al-Shafi’i, imam 64 cenotaph 114, 180 madhhab 26, 56, 111, 116, 117, 129, 140, 147, 161 madrasa 111 mausoleum 111–15, 113, 114, 118, 128, 180, 180, 217 Shajar al-Durr 118, 120–1, 121, 122, 122, 124 Shakir ibn al-Ghannam, vizier 215 Shamsah, princess 115 Sharaf al-Abwani 165 sharia 51, 52, 76 al-Sharqiyyah riwaq 56 Shawar, Arab governor 69 Shaykh al-Burdayni, mosque 235 Shaykhu, amir 155, 162, 163, 173 sheikh burials 202, 205 al-Shi’i, Abu Abd Allah 44 Shi’ites 27, 28, 42–3, 46, 58, 59, 64, 66, 68–9, 76, 104, 232 shahada 47 Shirkuh, general 69 shrines see mashhads shrouds 96 Sicily 44, 80–1, 127, 130, 132 Siffin, battle of 13 Simonetti Carpet 194, 194 Sinai, St Catherine’s monastery 83 Sinan Pasha mosque, Bulak 235 slaves and slavery 17, 27–8, 119 Southern Cemetery (al-Qarafa) 64, 65, 70, 103, 111, 112, 149 Spain Escorial Library 191 minarets 60 motifs 98 Muslim 80 silk mantle 175 stucco decoration 35–9, 53 suffah 207 Sufis 56, 145, 147–8, 149, 150, 151, 200, 204–5, 210, 213, 217, 218, 224, 229 sheikh burials (mausolea) 202, 205 Suleyman the Magnificent 232 Suleyman Pasha mosque 235 Sultanaya mausoleum 162 Sultaniya (Persia) 163 sunduqs 177 Sung dynasty, China 165–6 Sunni Islam 26, 28, 42, 44, 51, 58, 64, 66, 69, 76, 148, 191, 232 Ayyubid dynasty 101, 102, 104, 111 Mamluk 123, 127 Seljuk empires 124 theological colleges 55–6 Sunqur al-Sa’idi, amir 163 supreme qadi 51–2 Syria 4, 5, 28, 29, 40, 41, 42, 43, 69, 99, 100, 101, 102, 127, 235 ablaq patterns 162 Arab conquest 15 Burji Mamluks 198, 199, 208, 234 churches 24 citadels 105 glass mosque lamps 173 glassware 94, 95 madrasas 115 manuscripts 189, 190, 193 metalware 167, 170 minarets 60, 230 Mongol invasion 138 Persian conquest of 8 pottery 164, 165 Syrians in Fustat 17 vase and flasks 176 vaulting system 152, 234 woodwork cenotaph 115 T al-Tabatati family 66 Tabriz (Persia) 140, 142, 162, 163, 164 Tahir, Abd Allah ibn 21–2, 23, 24, 27, 36 Taibars, amir 56 Taj Mahal 163 Tamerlane 150, 163, 199, 208 Taq-i Kisra 159 Tehran, Iran Bastan Museum 72 temenos, Roman 20, 32 textiles Ayyubid 195–6 Coptic 17, 19, 75–6, 77, 80, 83, 86, 98 Fatimid 77, 96–9, 195 Hellenistic 75 Mamluk 172, 175–6, 195–7 Ottoman 175 Tulunid 73–6, 195 Yuan silks 175 theological colleges 25, 55–6 see also madrasas Thousand and One Nights, The 59 Thuluth script 171, 174, 177, 183, 184, 196 tiles 73, 229 from Tabriz 162 mosaic 147, 160 Ottoman, Iznik 152, 153–4 Persian 142 Timurid dynasty 163, 256 Tinnis 75 tiraz architectural 132, 210 embroidered 73–5, 98, 195, 196, 197 Topkapi manuscript 188 Toqto, amir 174 Tower of al-Maqs 104 Trajan, emperor 9 Trajan’s Canal 9, 10, 15 tree of life 76, 77, 183 Tripoli fortress (Syria) 130 Tulunids 24, 26, 39, 41, 43, 53 architecture 17–41 ceramics 71, 72–3 ewers 84 Index 273
ulers 257 textiles 73–6, 195 woodwork 70–2, 78, 87, 92 Tuman Bay I, sultan 107, 229 Tuman Bay II, sultan 229, 232 Tuna 75 Tunisia Aghlabid dynasty 44, 80 architecture 53, 59 pottery 82 Tuquztimur, amir 173, 174 Turan Shah 120, 127 Turkey culture 193 military governors 41 slave troops 27, 119 Turks 124 Twelvers 43 U Ubayd ibn Ma’ali 114, 115 Umari, historian 143–4 Umayyad caliphate (dynasty) 13, 19, 26, 27, 77, 256 architecture 19–41 ceramics 165 motifs 37, 93 textiles 75 woodwork 70 Umm Kulthum, saint 66 Urban, pope 58–9, 124 V Vacleuse, Fatimid tiraz 98–9 ‘Veil of St Anne’ 98–9 Venice 80, 180 St Mark’s 79, 80, 89–90 Veste Coburg, beaker 95 vestments 176, 195 Victoria and Albert Museum, London chess pieces 91 ewers, rock crystal 89–90, 91 flasks, rock crystal 91 glassware 94, 95 minbar 181, 181, 223 pendant, rock crystal 91 pottery 73, 86, 88, 165, 166, 197 rock crystal 89–90, 91 textiles 74, 75, 176 Vienna (Austria) coronation mantle 96–7 manuscript 191 St Stephen’s Church 177 vine-leaf motifs 36, 37 vine-scrolls 24, 76, 85, 93, 138 W al-Walid, caliph 19 Walters Art Gallery, Baltimore 174 waqalas 224, 225, 229, 230, 230, 274 The Art and Architecture of Islamic Cairo 231 waqf foundation 150, 201, 210 Washington Freer Gallery of Art 85, 87–8, 169–70, 190, 191 Textiles Museum 172, 194 water-clocks 188, 189 water jug with filter 88–9, 88 al-Wathiq, caliph 122 Whitworth Art Gallery, Manchester 75 whorl motifs 175 women 53, 65 woodwork Ayyubid 114, 115, 118, 129, 180 doors 178 Fatimid 67, 68, 76–80 Mamluk 180–2 Samarra 70–1, 78 Tulunid 70–2, 78, 87, 92 Umayyad 24, 39 Y Yahya al-Shabih 66 Yalbugha al-Salimi, amir 64 Ya’qubi, historian 33 Yemen and Yemenis 19, 171 Yemenites 27 Yilbugha, amir 155 Yuan dynasty, China 125, 159, 166, 175 Yunus al-Dawadar, amir 162, 163 Yusuf Agha al-Hin, mosque 235 Yusufi, amir 163 Z al-Zafar, imam-caliph 67 al-Zahir 90 al-Zahir Baibars see Baibars al-Zahir Barquq see Barquq zawiya 213 al-zij al-Hakim (astronomical chart) 58 ziyada 25, 32, 32
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THE ART AND ARCHITECTURE OF ISLAMIC
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THE ART AND ARCHITECTURE OF ISLAMIC
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Contents Map of Cairo vi Preface 1
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Preface When I first visited Egypt
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Art and Architecture of Islam, 650-
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exploitation and persecution under
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The ecumenical councils defined ort
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any further conquest of Egypt would
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negotiations took place between Cyr
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altogether, Amr subsequently played
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as ‘a people who love death bette
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point for urban development, but as
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He ordered them to place the stone
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Amr frequently preached the khutba
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After Salah al-Din, Sultan Baibars
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Its daily use in Amr’s time, serv
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AL-QATA’I With the fall of the Um
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throne in 870 he divided the empire
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in those days to recycle and use ex
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in an anti-clockwise direction up t
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on the north-west and south-east si
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plaster with cement or concrete. It
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organic and geometrical form. The r
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that of his wives in heroic size, a
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significant and legitimate minority
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knowledge of Egypt, both before and
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evidence here supports that view (t
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Bab al-Futuh, like Bal al-Nasr, is
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Although little remains of its orig
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oth al-Azhar and the palace were wi
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with fluted hoods. The whole façad
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Madrasa and tomb of Gawhar al-Qanaq
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vegetarian dish known as mulukhiyya
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monument, being restored by a numbe
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strong horizontal ribs at the botto
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formal religious gatherings found a
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out invocations, weeping and entrea
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Egypt and Sunni territory ruled by
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wooden fragments of this period in
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where it was developed in glass mak
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ecause this tiraz was woven in the
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sense of legitimacy in the wake of
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that of the delicate stucco mihrab
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craftsmen, although their origin is
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St Catherine’s monastery, Sinai,
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and to her left is a bottle-shaped
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oken by a spotted white underbelly
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and grotesques, and what distinguis
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decorated with palmettes, but the K
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lustre-painted bottle in the David
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from the second quarter of the elev
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shows a central palm tree dividing
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most illustrious lord al-Afdal, the
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Raynard of Chatillon’s attacks on
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0 0 100 200 100 200 Tomb of Sayyida
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the main Citadel, fortifications we
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Ibn Jubayr’s account is supported
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gone so far as to offer his sister
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largest. Its plan is divided into t
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height of 29 metres is almost that
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disciplined spirit of the age. The
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Mausoleum Madrasa Qibla iwan North-
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this new centre of government in th
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imprisonment in the Red Tower on th
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doors on the exterior are matched i
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literature, the sciences, art and a
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chase he was murdered, but accounts
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tough unyielding personality of its
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over the world. The intellectual cl
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left: The minaret and dome of the S
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patterns of the central window gril
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138 The Art and Architecture of Isl
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above: The sahn of the madrasa of S
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elow: The minaret of the madrasa of
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ight: The khanqah- madrasa of Amir
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elow: The khanqah of Baibars al-Jas
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top: The mosque of al-Maridani. abo
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elow: Mosque of Sultan Hasan taken
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elow: Plan of the Sultan Hasan mosq
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above: The qibla iwan of the Sultan
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above: Mausoleum of Gur-i Amir, Sam
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CHAPTER SIX The Decorative Arts of
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above: Twelfth-century Persian frit
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above: Brass basin incised and inla
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top: Brass candlestick inlaid with
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above: Incense burner: 1268-79 (Bri
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elow: Brass basin inlaid with silve
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top: Mosque lamp: c. 1350-60. above
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top: Doors of the Sultan Hasan mosq
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above: Panel from the mausoleum of
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top: Stone minbar in the khanqah of
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above: Frontispiece of a Qur’an w
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above: ‘Hand-Washing Machine’ f
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above: Frontispiece to the Maqamat
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above: The Simonetti Carpet: late f
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above: Child’s tunic: late fourte
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CHAPTER SEVEN The Architecture of t
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above: View of the Eastern Cemetery
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above: The domes of the khanqah of
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above: One of the mausoleum chamber
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above: Khanqah-madrasa complex of B
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top: Plan of funerary complex of Su
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elow: Plan of funerary complex of A
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elow: Plan of funerary complex of Q
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masonry and bands of joggled lintel
Page 232 and 233: marbling in the mihrab has been str
Page 234 and 235: oundels. The largest in the centre
Page 236 and 237: al-Ahmar and Sharia Abu Huraybah, n
Page 238 and 239: The Mamluk factions that precipitat
Page 240 and 241: lower floors contained latrines, ni
Page 242 and 243: cessors. Egypt then became a provin
Page 244: The use of terracotta- and biscuit-
Page 247 and 248: above: Interior of the mosque of Mu
Page 249 and 250: Notes and References 240 The Art an
Page 251 and 252: 242 The Art and Architecture of Isl
Page 265 and 266: Chronology of Dynasties and Rulers
Page 267 and 268: Table of Dynasties Islamic Calendar
Page 273 and 274: Acknowledgements The Publishers wou
Page 275 and 276: Armenian district 104 Armenians 46,
Page 277 and 278: ewers (aquamaniles) metalwork 83-4,
Page 279 and 280: al-Salih’s (Salihiya) 116-18, 137
Page 281: 60-1, 225 Philo of Byzantium 188 Ph
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The Art And Architecture of Islamic Cairo

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