The Art And Architecture of Islamic Cairo

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soffit: the underside of an arch spandrel: the triangular space formed by the springing of the arches squinch: a triangular arch or niche placed diagonally or in corners in order to fit a dome or polygon to a square bay string course: a continuous horizontal band set in a wall stucco: a form of plasterwork using an aggregate of plaster with cement or concrete temenos: in classical architecture, the wall of a sacred enclosure tympanum: the space enclosed by an arch above the lintel of a door trabeate: form of structure based on the column and beam voussoirs: wedge-shaped stones which lock together to form an arch. Joggled voussoirs are interlocking stones with jigsaw-like notches and grooves to prevent slippage zone of transition: the intermediate support, usually consisting of pendentives, squinches, muqarnas or corbels, that makes possible the structural transition from square or polygonal bay to circular drum or dome Glossary 255
Chronology of Dynasties and Rulers Governors of Egypt for Rashidun Caliphs 640–658 640 Amr ibn al-As: Conqueror and first governor of Egypt 646–58 Five other governors Governors for Umayyad Caliphs 658–750 Governors for Abbasid Caliphs 750–868 Tulunids 868–905 868–84 Ahmad ibn Tulun 884–96 Khumarawaih: son of Ahmad ibn Tulun 896 Jaysh: son of Khumarawaih 896–905 Harun: son of Khumarawaih 905 Sha’ban: son of Ahmad ibn Tulun Governors for Abbasid Caliphs 905–35 Ikhshidid 935–69 935–46 Muhammad ibn Tughj 946–61 Unujur: son of Muhammad ibn Tughj 961–66 Ali: son of Muhammad ibn Tughj 966–68 Kafur: tutor of sons of Muhammad 968–69 Ahmayd: son of Ali Fatimid Caliphs 969–1171 969–75 al-Mu’izz 975–96 al-Aziz: son of al-Mu’izz 996–1021 al-Hakim: son of al-Aziz 1021–36 al-Zahir: son of al-Hakim 256 The Art and Architecture of Islamic Cairo 1036–94 al-Mustansir: son of al-Zahir 1094–1101 al-Mustali: son of al-Mustansir 1101–31 al-Amir: son of al-Mustali 1131–49 al-Hafiz: cousin of al-Amir 1149–54 al-Zafar: son of al-Hafiz 1154–60 al-Fa’iz: son of al-Zafar 1160–71 al-Adid: son of al-Fa’iz Ayyubid Sultans 1169–1250 1171–93 Salah al-Din (Saladin) 1193–98 al-Aziz: son of Salah al-Din 1198–1200 al-Mansur: son of al-Aziz 1200–18 al-Adil I: brother of Salah al-Din 1218–38 al-Kamil: son of al-Adil I 1238–40 al-Adil II: son of al-Kamil 1240–49 al-Salih Ayyub: son of al-Kamil 1249–50 al-Mu’azzam Turan Shah: son of al-Salih Ayyub 1250 al-Ashraf Musa: great nephew of al-Salih Ayyub Bahri Mamluk Sultans 1250–1382 1250 Shajar al-Durr: wife of al-Salih Ayyub 1250–57 al-Mu’izz Aybak: mamluk of al-Salih Ayyub 1257–59 al-Mansur Ali I: son of Aybak 1259–60 al-Muzzafar Qutuz: mamluk of al-Salih Ayyub 1260–77 al-Zahir Baibars (I): mamluk of al-Salih Ayyub 1277–80 al-Sa’id Baraka Khan: son of Baibars 1280 al-Adil Salamish: son of Baibars 1280–90 al-Mansur Qala’un al-Alfi: mamluk of al-Salih Ayyub 1290–94 al-Ashraf Khalil: son of Qala’un 1294–95 al-Nasir Muhammad I (1st Reign): son of Qala’un
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THE ART AND ARCHITECTURE OF ISLAMIC
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THE ART AND ARCHITECTURE OF ISLAMIC
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Contents Map of Cairo vi Preface 1
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Preface When I first visited Egypt
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Art and Architecture of Islam, 650-
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exploitation and persecution under
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The ecumenical councils defined ort
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any further conquest of Egypt would
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negotiations took place between Cyr
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altogether, Amr subsequently played
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as ‘a people who love death bette
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point for urban development, but as
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He ordered them to place the stone
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Amr frequently preached the khutba
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After Salah al-Din, Sultan Baibars
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Its daily use in Amr’s time, serv
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AL-QATA’I With the fall of the Um
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throne in 870 he divided the empire
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in those days to recycle and use ex
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in an anti-clockwise direction up t
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on the north-west and south-east si
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plaster with cement or concrete. It
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organic and geometrical form. The r
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that of his wives in heroic size, a
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significant and legitimate minority
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knowledge of Egypt, both before and
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evidence here supports that view (t
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Bab al-Futuh, like Bal al-Nasr, is
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Although little remains of its orig
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oth al-Azhar and the palace were wi
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with fluted hoods. The whole façad
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Madrasa and tomb of Gawhar al-Qanaq
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vegetarian dish known as mulukhiyya
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monument, being restored by a numbe
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strong horizontal ribs at the botto
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formal religious gatherings found a
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out invocations, weeping and entrea
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Egypt and Sunni territory ruled by
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wooden fragments of this period in
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where it was developed in glass mak
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ecause this tiraz was woven in the
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sense of legitimacy in the wake of
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that of the delicate stucco mihrab
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craftsmen, although their origin is
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St Catherine’s monastery, Sinai,
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and to her left is a bottle-shaped
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oken by a spotted white underbelly
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and grotesques, and what distinguis
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decorated with palmettes, but the K
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lustre-painted bottle in the David
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from the second quarter of the elev
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shows a central palm tree dividing
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most illustrious lord al-Afdal, the
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Raynard of Chatillon’s attacks on
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0 0 100 200 100 200 Tomb of Sayyida
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the main Citadel, fortifications we
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Ibn Jubayr’s account is supported
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gone so far as to offer his sister
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largest. Its plan is divided into t
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height of 29 metres is almost that
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disciplined spirit of the age. The
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Mausoleum Madrasa Qibla iwan North-
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this new centre of government in th
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imprisonment in the Red Tower on th
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doors on the exterior are matched i
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literature, the sciences, art and a
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chase he was murdered, but accounts
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tough unyielding personality of its
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over the world. The intellectual cl
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left: The minaret and dome of the S
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patterns of the central window gril
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138 The Art and Architecture of Isl
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above: The sahn of the madrasa of S
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elow: The minaret of the madrasa of
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ight: The khanqah- madrasa of Amir
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elow: The khanqah of Baibars al-Jas
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top: The mosque of al-Maridani. abo
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elow: Mosque of Sultan Hasan taken
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elow: Plan of the Sultan Hasan mosq
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above: The qibla iwan of the Sultan
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above: Mausoleum of Gur-i Amir, Sam
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CHAPTER SIX The Decorative Arts of
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above: Twelfth-century Persian frit
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above: Brass basin incised and inla
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top: Brass candlestick inlaid with
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above: Incense burner: 1268-79 (Bri
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elow: Brass basin inlaid with silve
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top: Mosque lamp: c. 1350-60. above
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top: Doors of the Sultan Hasan mosq
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above: Panel from the mausoleum of
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top: Stone minbar in the khanqah of
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above: Frontispiece of a Qur’an w
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above: ‘Hand-Washing Machine’ f
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above: Frontispiece to the Maqamat
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above: The Simonetti Carpet: late f
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above: Child’s tunic: late fourte
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CHAPTER SEVEN The Architecture of t
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above: View of the Eastern Cemetery
Page 213 and 214: above: The domes of the khanqah of
Page 215 and 216: above: One of the mausoleum chamber
Page 217 and 218: 208 The Art and Architecture of Isl
Page 221 and 222: above: Khanqah-madrasa complex of B
Page 223 and 224: top: Plan of funerary complex of Su
Page 225 and 226: elow: Plan of funerary complex of A
Page 227 and 228: elow: Plan of funerary complex of Q
Page 230 and 231: masonry and bands of joggled lintel
Page 232 and 233: marbling in the mihrab has been str
Page 234 and 235: oundels. The largest in the centre
Page 236 and 237: al-Ahmar and Sharia Abu Huraybah, n
Page 238 and 239: The Mamluk factions that precipitat
Page 240 and 241: lower floors contained latrines, ni
Page 242 and 243: cessors. Egypt then became a provin
Page 244: The use of terracotta- and biscuit-
Page 247 and 248: above: Interior of the mosque of Mu
Page 249 and 250: Notes and References 240 The Art an
Page 263: 254 The Art and Architecture of Isl
Page 267 and 268: Table of Dynasties Islamic Calendar
Page 273 and 274: Acknowledgements The Publishers wou
Page 275 and 276: Armenian district 104 Armenians 46,
Page 277 and 278: ewers (aquamaniles) metalwork 83-4,
Page 279 and 280: al-Salih’s (Salihiya) 116-18, 137
Page 281 and 282: 60-1, 225 Philo of Byzantium 188 Ph
Page 283 and 284: ulers 257 textiles 73-6, 195 woodwo
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The Art And Architecture of Islamic Cairo

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