The Art And Architecture of Islamic Cairo

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iwaq: a cloister arranged around a courtyard sabil: a public fountain sabil-kuttab: a Qur’an school combined with public fountain sahn: the courtyard of a mosque shahada: profession of faith sharia: religious law silsila: tradition Sufi: mystic or dervish sunduq: a box used for storing copies of the Qur’an tabhane: a part of an Ottoman mosque or kulliya providing accommodation for travellers and dervishes tariqa: Sufi brotherhood or form of teaching associated with a particular sheikh tiraz: woven and embroidered Kufic inscription ulama: learned authorities umma: the Muslim community waqala: inn, warehouse or urban caravansarai waqf: land or property perpetually endowed for charitable purposes zahir: exoteric interpretation of the sharia zawiya: residential accommodation for Sufis ziyada: a space, usually enclosed by a wall, ENGLISH TERMS immediately surrounding a mosque aquamanile: animal-shaped ewer architrave: a horizontal member or moulding; moulded frame surrounding a door or window arcuate: form of structure based on the arch Arianism: Christian heresy that originated with the priest Arius that denied the divinity of Christ chamfer: a bevel or groove, or an angled cut, usually chevron: a zigzag pattern 45 degrees, into a sharp right-angled corner coffering: form of ceiling decoration made up of sunken squares or polygons corbel: a bracket, projecting stone or series of projecting stones Glossary 253
254 The Art and Architecture of Islamic Cairo dado: in classical architecture, the portion of a plinth or pedestal between the base and cornice drum: a circular wall supporting a dome exedra: a semi-circular recess, niche or apse fenestration: composition of windows finial: a crowning ornament at the top of a gable or pinnacle fluting: concave grooves usually cut vertically into a column foil: a leaf-shaped curve fosse: defensive trench hypostyle hall: hall of columns impost: a block of stone usually with angled sides placed on top of a column under the capital loggia: an open gallery or balcony lozenge: diamond-shaped pattern machicoulis/ in military architecture, a corbelled gallery machicolation: with arrowslits and openings in the floor through which to pour molten lead and boiling oil Melkite: an Eastern Christian adhering to the Orthodox faith as defined by the councils of Ephesus (AD 431) and Chalcedon (AD 451) and as accepted by the Byzantine emperor merlon: the raised part of a battlement or crenellation/stepped merlon: the stepped pyramidal form originating in the ancient Near East Monophysite: a person who holds that there is only one inseparable nature (partly divine, partly and subordinately human) in the person of Christ Nestorianism: the Christian doctrine that there were two separate persons in Christ, one human and one divine, maintained by some ancient churches of the Middle East oculus: circular window or opening pendentive: a curved triangular section which fits a dome to a square bay pier: square-sectioned column or solid masonry support pisé: a compound of kneaded mud and gravel, rammed between boards or into shuttering
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THE ART AND ARCHITECTURE OF ISLAMIC
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THE ART AND ARCHITECTURE OF ISLAMIC
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Contents Map of Cairo vi Preface 1
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Preface When I first visited Egypt
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Art and Architecture of Islam, 650-
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exploitation and persecution under
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The ecumenical councils defined ort
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any further conquest of Egypt would
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negotiations took place between Cyr
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altogether, Amr subsequently played
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as ‘a people who love death bette
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point for urban development, but as
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He ordered them to place the stone
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Amr frequently preached the khutba
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After Salah al-Din, Sultan Baibars
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Its daily use in Amr’s time, serv
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AL-QATA’I With the fall of the Um
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throne in 870 he divided the empire
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in those days to recycle and use ex
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in an anti-clockwise direction up t
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on the north-west and south-east si
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plaster with cement or concrete. It
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organic and geometrical form. The r
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that of his wives in heroic size, a
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significant and legitimate minority
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knowledge of Egypt, both before and
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evidence here supports that view (t
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Bab al-Futuh, like Bal al-Nasr, is
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Although little remains of its orig
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oth al-Azhar and the palace were wi
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with fluted hoods. The whole façad
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Madrasa and tomb of Gawhar al-Qanaq
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vegetarian dish known as mulukhiyya
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monument, being restored by a numbe
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strong horizontal ribs at the botto
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formal religious gatherings found a
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out invocations, weeping and entrea
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Egypt and Sunni territory ruled by
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wooden fragments of this period in
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where it was developed in glass mak
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ecause this tiraz was woven in the
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sense of legitimacy in the wake of
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that of the delicate stucco mihrab
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craftsmen, although their origin is
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St Catherine’s monastery, Sinai,
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and to her left is a bottle-shaped
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oken by a spotted white underbelly
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and grotesques, and what distinguis
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decorated with palmettes, but the K
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lustre-painted bottle in the David
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from the second quarter of the elev
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shows a central palm tree dividing
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most illustrious lord al-Afdal, the
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Raynard of Chatillon’s attacks on
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0 0 100 200 100 200 Tomb of Sayyida
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the main Citadel, fortifications we
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Ibn Jubayr’s account is supported
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gone so far as to offer his sister
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largest. Its plan is divided into t
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height of 29 metres is almost that
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disciplined spirit of the age. The
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Mausoleum Madrasa Qibla iwan North-
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this new centre of government in th
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imprisonment in the Red Tower on th
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doors on the exterior are matched i
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literature, the sciences, art and a
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chase he was murdered, but accounts
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tough unyielding personality of its
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over the world. The intellectual cl
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left: The minaret and dome of the S
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patterns of the central window gril
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138 The Art and Architecture of Isl
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above: The sahn of the madrasa of S
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elow: The minaret of the madrasa of
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ight: The khanqah- madrasa of Amir
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elow: The khanqah of Baibars al-Jas
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top: The mosque of al-Maridani. abo
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elow: Mosque of Sultan Hasan taken
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elow: Plan of the Sultan Hasan mosq
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above: The qibla iwan of the Sultan
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above: Mausoleum of Gur-i Amir, Sam
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CHAPTER SIX The Decorative Arts of
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above: Twelfth-century Persian frit
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above: Brass basin incised and inla
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top: Brass candlestick inlaid with
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above: Incense burner: 1268-79 (Bri
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elow: Brass basin inlaid with silve
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top: Mosque lamp: c. 1350-60. above
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top: Doors of the Sultan Hasan mosq
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above: Panel from the mausoleum of
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top: Stone minbar in the khanqah of
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above: Frontispiece of a Qur’an w
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above: ‘Hand-Washing Machine’ f
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above: Frontispiece to the Maqamat
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above: The Simonetti Carpet: late f
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above: Child’s tunic: late fourte
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CHAPTER SEVEN The Architecture of t
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Page 211 and 212: above: View of the Eastern Cemetery
Page 213 and 214: above: The domes of the khanqah of
Page 215 and 216: above: One of the mausoleum chamber
Page 217 and 218: 208 The Art and Architecture of Isl
Page 221 and 222: above: Khanqah-madrasa complex of B
Page 223 and 224: top: Plan of funerary complex of Su
Page 225 and 226: elow: Plan of funerary complex of A
Page 227 and 228: elow: Plan of funerary complex of Q
Page 230 and 231: masonry and bands of joggled lintel
Page 232 and 233: marbling in the mihrab has been str
Page 234 and 235: oundels. The largest in the centre
Page 236 and 237: al-Ahmar and Sharia Abu Huraybah, n
Page 238 and 239: The Mamluk factions that precipitat
Page 240 and 241: lower floors contained latrines, ni
Page 242 and 243: cessors. Egypt then became a provin
Page 244: The use of terracotta- and biscuit-
Page 247 and 248: above: Interior of the mosque of Mu
Page 249 and 250: Notes and References 240 The Art an
Page 261: 252 The Art and Architecture of Isl
Page 265 and 266: Chronology of Dynasties and Rulers
Page 267 and 268: Table of Dynasties Islamic Calendar
Page 273 and 274: Acknowledgements The Publishers wou
Page 275 and 276: Armenian district 104 Armenians 46,
Page 277 and 278: ewers (aquamaniles) metalwork 83-4,
Page 279 and 280: al-Salih’s (Salihiya) 116-18, 137
Page 281 and 282: 60-1, 225 Philo of Byzantium 188 Ph
Page 283 and 284: ulers 257 textiles 73-6, 195 woodwo
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The Art And Architecture of Islamic Cairo

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