The Art And Architecture of Islamic Cairo

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Glossary ISLAMIC AND ORIENTAL TERMS ablaq: two-toned masonry usually arranged in horizontal courses baraka: blessing batin: esoteric interpretation of sharia bismillah: invocation caravansarai: accommodation for travellers, merchants and animals da’i/du’at: missionary/missionaries dhimi: Christians and Jews under Muslim rule dikka: a raised platform used by prayer leaders durqa’a: a sunken space at the centre of a court in domestic and palace architecture Hadith: traditions, sayings and accounts of the Prophet hammam: baths harem: the women’s quarters of a house or palace hijra: the migration from Mecca imam: prayer leader; spiritual leader of the Shi’ite sect imaret: a soup kitchen iwan: an open vaulted hall or a portal jami: congregational mosque khan or han: a form of inn, warehouse or urban caravansarai khanqah: a residence for Sufis khutba: a sermon delivered at the Friday noon prayers Glossary 251
252 The Art and Architecture of Islamic Cairo Kufic: early form of calligraphy used in architectural inscriptions and chapter headings in the Qur’an. It is usually elongated and rectilinear in style kulliya: an Ottoman mosque complex kursis/kursi: free-standing metal cupboard/table or lectern with a V-shaped top for supporting the Qur’an mabkhara: incense burner madhhab/madhahib: school/schools of law madjlis: a reception room in a house madrasa: theological college or law school mahout: a person who works with and rides an elephant manara: place of light or fire maq’ad: a loggia on the second storey of a house maqsura: a screened enclosure in a mosque for the maristan: a hospital privacy and protection of the caliph or sultan mashhad: shrine or mausoleum of a martyr mashrabiyya: screens made up of small pieces of turned Egyptian wood masjid: neighbourhood mosque, as distinguished from the larger jami or congregational mosque maulid: festival celebrating the birthday or anniversary of the Prophet or a saint mawali: non-Arab converts to Islam mihrab: prayer niche minbar: pulpit muezzin: a man who calls Muslims to prayer from the minaret of a mosque muqarnas: stalactite sections used to fill or form a vault, niche or frieze pishtaq: a lofty screen framing an arch or portal qa’a: in domestic and palace architecture, a covered reception hall with two or four iwans qadi: Muslim judge qaysariyya: a bazaar for the sale of valuable goods qibla: the direction of prayer rab’/rub’: apartment building ribat: fortified accommodation for soldiers – sometimes it is another name for a caravansarai or hospice
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THE ART AND ARCHITECTURE OF ISLAMIC
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THE ART AND ARCHITECTURE OF ISLAMIC
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Contents Map of Cairo vi Preface 1
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Preface When I first visited Egypt
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Art and Architecture of Islam, 650-
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exploitation and persecution under
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The ecumenical councils defined ort
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any further conquest of Egypt would
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negotiations took place between Cyr
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altogether, Amr subsequently played
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as ‘a people who love death bette
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point for urban development, but as
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He ordered them to place the stone
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Amr frequently preached the khutba
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After Salah al-Din, Sultan Baibars
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Its daily use in Amr’s time, serv
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AL-QATA’I With the fall of the Um
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throne in 870 he divided the empire
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in those days to recycle and use ex
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in an anti-clockwise direction up t
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on the north-west and south-east si
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plaster with cement or concrete. It
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organic and geometrical form. The r
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that of his wives in heroic size, a
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significant and legitimate minority
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knowledge of Egypt, both before and
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evidence here supports that view (t
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Bab al-Futuh, like Bal al-Nasr, is
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Although little remains of its orig
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oth al-Azhar and the palace were wi
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with fluted hoods. The whole façad
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Madrasa and tomb of Gawhar al-Qanaq
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vegetarian dish known as mulukhiyya
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monument, being restored by a numbe
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strong horizontal ribs at the botto
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formal religious gatherings found a
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out invocations, weeping and entrea
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Egypt and Sunni territory ruled by
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wooden fragments of this period in
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where it was developed in glass mak
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ecause this tiraz was woven in the
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sense of legitimacy in the wake of
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that of the delicate stucco mihrab
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craftsmen, although their origin is
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St Catherine’s monastery, Sinai,
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and to her left is a bottle-shaped
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oken by a spotted white underbelly
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and grotesques, and what distinguis
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decorated with palmettes, but the K
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lustre-painted bottle in the David
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from the second quarter of the elev
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shows a central palm tree dividing
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most illustrious lord al-Afdal, the
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Raynard of Chatillon’s attacks on
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0 0 100 200 100 200 Tomb of Sayyida
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the main Citadel, fortifications we
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Ibn Jubayr’s account is supported
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gone so far as to offer his sister
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largest. Its plan is divided into t
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height of 29 metres is almost that
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disciplined spirit of the age. The
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Mausoleum Madrasa Qibla iwan North-
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this new centre of government in th
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imprisonment in the Red Tower on th
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doors on the exterior are matched i
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literature, the sciences, art and a
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chase he was murdered, but accounts
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tough unyielding personality of its
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over the world. The intellectual cl
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left: The minaret and dome of the S
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patterns of the central window gril
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138 The Art and Architecture of Isl
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above: The sahn of the madrasa of S
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elow: The minaret of the madrasa of
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ight: The khanqah- madrasa of Amir
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elow: The khanqah of Baibars al-Jas
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top: The mosque of al-Maridani. abo
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elow: Mosque of Sultan Hasan taken
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elow: Plan of the Sultan Hasan mosq
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above: The qibla iwan of the Sultan
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above: Mausoleum of Gur-i Amir, Sam
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CHAPTER SIX The Decorative Arts of
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above: Twelfth-century Persian frit
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above: Brass basin incised and inla
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top: Brass candlestick inlaid with
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above: Incense burner: 1268-79 (Bri
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elow: Brass basin inlaid with silve
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top: Mosque lamp: c. 1350-60. above
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top: Doors of the Sultan Hasan mosq
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above: Panel from the mausoleum of
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top: Stone minbar in the khanqah of
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above: Frontispiece of a Qur’an w
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above: ‘Hand-Washing Machine’ f
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above: Frontispiece to the Maqamat
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above: The Simonetti Carpet: late f
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above: Child’s tunic: late fourte
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CHAPTER SEVEN The Architecture of t
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Page 211 and 212: above: View of the Eastern Cemetery
Page 213 and 214: above: The domes of the khanqah of
Page 215 and 216: above: One of the mausoleum chamber
Page 221 and 222: above: Khanqah-madrasa complex of B
Page 223 and 224: top: Plan of funerary complex of Su
Page 225 and 226: elow: Plan of funerary complex of A
Page 227 and 228: elow: Plan of funerary complex of Q
Page 230 and 231: masonry and bands of joggled lintel
Page 232 and 233: marbling in the mihrab has been str
Page 234 and 235: oundels. The largest in the centre
Page 236 and 237: al-Ahmar and Sharia Abu Huraybah, n
Page 238 and 239: The Mamluk factions that precipitat
Page 240 and 241: lower floors contained latrines, ni
Page 242 and 243: cessors. Egypt then became a provin
Page 244: The use of terracotta- and biscuit-
Page 247 and 248: above: Interior of the mosque of Mu
Page 249 and 250: Notes and References 240 The Art an
Page 259: 250 The Art and Architecture of Isl
Page 265 and 266: Chronology of Dynasties and Rulers
Page 267 and 268: Table of Dynasties Islamic Calendar
Page 273 and 274: Acknowledgements The Publishers wou
Page 275 and 276: Armenian district 104 Armenians 46,
Page 277 and 278: ewers (aquamaniles) metalwork 83-4,
Page 279 and 280: al-Salih’s (Salihiya) 116-18, 137
Page 281 and 282: 60-1, 225 Philo of Byzantium 188 Ph
Page 283 and 284: ulers 257 textiles 73-6, 195 woodwo
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The Art And Architecture of Islamic Cairo

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