36 Ettinghausen, R., op. cit., p. 145. 37 Ettinghausen, R., op. cit., pp. 140–1. 38 Ettinghausen, R., op. cit., pp. 145–7. 39 Ettinghausen, R., op. cit., pp. 81–3. 40 Ettinghausen, R., op. cit., p. 184. 41 Robinson, B. W., op. cit., p. 34. 42 Ellis, M., op. cit., pp. 7–8. 43 Ellis, M., op. cit., pp. 21. 44 Baker, P., op. cit., p. 69. 45 Ellis, M. op. cit., pp. 30, 91. 46 Ellis, M., op. cit., pp. 92–3. 47 Baker, P., op. cit., p. 78. CHAPTER SEVEN <strong>The</strong> <strong>Architecture</strong> <strong>of</strong> the Burji Mamluks 1 King, J. W., Historical Dictionary <strong>of</strong> Egypt (<strong>Cairo</strong>, <strong>The</strong> American University in <strong>Cairo</strong> Press, 1989) p. 215. 2 Rogers, M., op. cit., Apollo, Vol. C11, No. 170 (new series), April 1976, p. 307. 3 Ibid. 4 Ibid. This is one <strong>of</strong> the themes in his paper. 5 Rogers, M., <strong>The</strong> Making <strong>of</strong> the Past: <strong>The</strong> Spread <strong>of</strong> Islam (Oxford, Elsevier/Phaidon, 1975) pp. 96–8. 6 Rogers, M. (1975), op. cit., p. 104. 7 Rogers, M., op. cit., Apollo, Vol. C11, No. 170 (new series), April 1976, p. 308. 8 Behrens-Abouseif, D., op. cit., p. 22. 9 Behrens-Abouseif, D., op. cit., p. 142. 10 Rogers, M. (1975), op. cit., p. 98. 11 Behrens-Abouseif, D., op. cit., p. 142. 12 Hillenbrand, R., op. cit., p. 199. 13 Hillenbrand, R., op. cit., pp. 199–200. 14 Ibid. 15 Behrens-Abouseif, D., op. cit., p. 144. 16 Lane, E. W., op. cit., pp. 237–9. 17 Behrens-Abouseif, D., op. cit., pp. 23–4. 18 Behrens-Abouseif, D., op. cit., p. 147. 19 Blair, S. and J. Bloom, op. cit., p. 92. Notes and References 249
250 <strong>The</strong> <strong>Art</strong> and <strong>Architecture</strong> <strong>of</strong> <strong>Islamic</strong> <strong>Cairo</strong> 20 Seton-Williams, V., and P. Stocks, Blue Guide: Egypt (London, A & C Black, 1988) p. 305. 21 Blair, S., and J. Bloom, op. cit., p. 110. 22 Behrens-Abouseif, D., op. cit., p. 154. 23 Seton-Williams, V. and P. Stocks, op. cit., p. 266. 24 Stierlin, H. & A., op. cit., pp. 164–7. 25 Behrens-Abouseif, D., op. cit., p. 39. 26 Lane, E. W., op. cit., pp. 20–1. 27 Behrens-Abouseif, D., op. cit., pp. 40–1. 28 Lane, E. W., op. cit., p. 318. 29 Lane-Poole, S. (1968), op. cit., p. 352. 30 Seton-Williams, V. and P. Stocks, op. cit., p. 312. 31 Behrens-Abouseif, D., op. cit., p. 156. 32 Flaubert in Egypt, ed. F. Steegmuller, cited in Lyster, op. cit., p. 97. 33 Nightingale, Letters, p. 23, cited in Lyster, op. cit., p. 66. 34 Curzon, R., Visits to Monasteries <strong>of</strong> the Levant (London, George Newnes Ltd, 1897) pp. 31–2.
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THE ART AND ARCHITECTURE OF ISLAMIC
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THE ART AND ARCHITECTURE OF ISLAMIC
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Contents Map of Cairo vi Preface 1
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Preface When I first visited Egypt
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Art and Architecture of Islam, 650-
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exploitation and persecution under
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The ecumenical councils defined ort
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any further conquest of Egypt would
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negotiations took place between Cyr
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altogether, Amr subsequently played
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as ‘a people who love death bette
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point for urban development, but as
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He ordered them to place the stone
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Amr frequently preached the khutba
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After Salah al-Din, Sultan Baibars
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Its daily use in Amr’s time, serv
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AL-QATA’I With the fall of the Um
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throne in 870 he divided the empire
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in those days to recycle and use ex
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in an anti-clockwise direction up t
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on the north-west and south-east si
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plaster with cement or concrete. It
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organic and geometrical form. The r
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that of his wives in heroic size, a
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significant and legitimate minority
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knowledge of Egypt, both before and
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evidence here supports that view (t
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Bab al-Futuh, like Bal al-Nasr, is
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Although little remains of its orig
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oth al-Azhar and the palace were wi
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with fluted hoods. The whole façad
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Madrasa and tomb of Gawhar al-Qanaq
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vegetarian dish known as mulukhiyya
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monument, being restored by a numbe
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strong horizontal ribs at the botto
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formal religious gatherings found a
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out invocations, weeping and entrea
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Egypt and Sunni territory ruled by
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wooden fragments of this period in
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where it was developed in glass mak
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ecause this tiraz was woven in the
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sense of legitimacy in the wake of
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that of the delicate stucco mihrab
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craftsmen, although their origin is
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St Catherine’s monastery, Sinai,
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and to her left is a bottle-shaped
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oken by a spotted white underbelly
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and grotesques, and what distinguis
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decorated with palmettes, but the K
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lustre-painted bottle in the David
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from the second quarter of the elev
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shows a central palm tree dividing
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most illustrious lord al-Afdal, the
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Raynard of Chatillon’s attacks on
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0 0 100 200 100 200 Tomb of Sayyida
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the main Citadel, fortifications we
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Ibn Jubayr’s account is supported
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gone so far as to offer his sister
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largest. Its plan is divided into t
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height of 29 metres is almost that
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disciplined spirit of the age. The
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Mausoleum Madrasa Qibla iwan North-
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this new centre of government in th
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imprisonment in the Red Tower on th
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doors on the exterior are matched i
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literature, the sciences, art and a
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chase he was murdered, but accounts
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tough unyielding personality of its
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over the world. The intellectual cl
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left: The minaret and dome of the S
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patterns of the central window gril
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138 The Art and Architecture of Isl
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above: The sahn of the madrasa of S
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elow: The minaret of the madrasa of
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144 The Art and Architecture of Isl
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ight: The khanqah- madrasa of Amir
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elow: The khanqah of Baibars al-Jas
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150 The Art and Architecture of Isl
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top: The mosque of al-Maridani. abo
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elow: Mosque of Sultan Hasan taken
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elow: Plan of the Sultan Hasan mosq
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158 The Art and Architecture of Isl
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above: The qibla iwan of the Sultan
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above: Mausoleum of Gur-i Amir, Sam
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CHAPTER SIX The Decorative Arts of
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above: Twelfth-century Persian frit
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above: Brass basin incised and inla
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top: Brass candlestick inlaid with
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above: Incense burner: 1268-79 (Bri
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elow: Brass basin inlaid with silve
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top: Mosque lamp: c. 1350-60. above
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top: Doors of the Sultan Hasan mosq
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above: Panel from the mausoleum of
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top: Stone minbar in the khanqah of
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above: Frontispiece of a Qur’an w
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186 The Art and Architecture of Isl
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188 The Art and Architecture of Isl
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above: ‘Hand-Washing Machine’ f
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above: Frontispiece to the Maqamat
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above: The Simonetti Carpet: late f
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above: Child’s tunic: late fourte
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- Page 211 and 212: above: View of the Eastern Cemetery
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- Page 221 and 222: above: Khanqah-madrasa complex of B
- Page 223 and 224: top: Plan of funerary complex of Su
- Page 225 and 226: elow: Plan of funerary complex of A
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- Page 230 and 231: masonry and bands of joggled lintel
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- Page 234 and 235: oundels. The largest in the centre
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- Page 238 and 239: The Mamluk factions that precipitat
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- Page 242 and 243: cessors. Egypt then became a provin
- Page 244: The use of terracotta- and biscuit-
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- Page 249 and 250: Notes and References 240 The Art an
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- Page 265 and 266: Chronology of Dynasties and Rulers
- Page 267 and 268: Table of Dynasties Islamic Calendar
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- Page 273 and 274: Acknowledgements The Publishers wou
- Page 275 and 276: Armenian district 104 Armenians 46,
- Page 277 and 278: ewers (aquamaniles) metalwork 83-4,
- Page 279 and 280: al-Salih’s (Salihiya) 116-18, 137
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- Page 283 and 284: ulers 257 textiles 73-6, 195 woodwo