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units of energy called tanmatras which cannot be seen or measured.<br />
The tanmatras result from the action of energy on subtle matter,<br />
bhutadi, which is absolutely homogeneous and inert when the<br />
original equilibrium comes to an end. The infra-atomic potential<br />
units of energy possess something more than mass, energy or<br />
quantum, and they are characterized by powers of pressure,<br />
radiant heat, cohesive attraction. They are also charged with<br />
specific energies represented by sound potential - the energy of<br />
vibration; touch potential - energy of impact on mechanical<br />
pressures; colour potential - energy of radiant heat and light; taste<br />
potential - energy of viscous attraction; smell potential - energy of<br />
cohesive attraction. These subsequently give rise, by a process of<br />
'condensation and collocation' from the corresponding tanmatras,<br />
to the five grosser atoms: space (vyoman), air (marut), fire (tejas),<br />
water (ap), and earth (kshiti).<br />
The cornerstone of this view is that the universe does not evolve<br />
out of atoms but the atoms are the tertiary state in the formation of<br />
the universe. Each kind of infra-atomic potential becomes charged<br />
with the grosser element which together with the original action<br />
of energy over bhutadi in turn generates the next infra-atomic<br />
potential. For example, the first to emanate is the sound potential,<br />
which generates the proto-atom of space; then the atom of space<br />
together with the original action of energy generates the tanmatra<br />
of touch potential and the atom of air; the atom of air together<br />
with the original action then generates colour potential, and so on.<br />
The grosser elements should not be confused with elementary<br />
substances; they represent abstract principles on the basis of their<br />
properties.<br />
A bird's-eye view of the successive stages of cosmogenesis has<br />
been provided by Dr B. N. Seal:<br />
Out of the all-pervasive rudiment-matter (Bhutadi) appeared Akasa<br />
(ether), first as a Tanmatra (subtle matter) charged with the potential<br />
energy of sound (vibration potential), and then as an atomic integration<br />
of mono-Tanmatric structure (the Akasa-atom) also ubiquitous and allenveloping.<br />
In the next stage we find a new kind of Tanmatras, systems of<br />
the infra-atomic vibratory particles, so arranged as to manifest a new<br />
form of Energy, that of impact or mechanical pressure, and these<br />
Tanmatras combining with the vibration potentials (Akasa-Tanmatra)<br />
produced a new kind of atom, the di-Tanmatric Vayu-atom, which by<br />
aggregation formed a gaseous envelope composed of impinging<br />
(driving) vibratory particles (Vayu). Next appeared the third class of<br />
Tanmatras, infra-atomic systems of the impinging vibratory particles,<br />
which by their collocation developed a new form of Energy - the energy<br />
of radiant heat-and-light. These Tanmatras, combining with the<br />
potentials (Tanmatras) of vibration and impact, produced a new kind of