THE METAMORPHOSES OF PUBLIUS OVIDIUS NASO

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il 254 P. OVIDII NASONIS LIBER 111. Purus ab arboribus, spectabilis undique campus. Hie oculis ilium cernentem sacra profanis Prima videt, prima est insane concita motu, Prima suum misso violavit Penthca thyrso Mater: 16 geminse, clamavit, adeste sorores. Ille aper, in nostris errat qui maximus agris, Ille mihi feriendus aper. Ruit omnis in unum Turba furens: cunctas coe ^«it, cunctreque sequuntur, Jam trepidum, jam verba minus violenta loquentem, also compared the roused energies of man Nor listened to his prayers; but his left hand to an excited war-steed: She seized, and pressing*on his side, tore off His shoulder, with a force not hers, the deed Over the mounlains, and far down Ihe valleys, Made easy by the god. On the other side Their voices cheer me like a bugle, now, Ino assisted in the dreadful work, And my worn spiril. like a war-horse, rallies, Rending his flesh: Autcnoe* hung upon him, And my first day-dreams flash upon my brow. And all the Bacchse: every voice was raised F. W. THOMAS. At once ; his dying breath was s[ eat in groans. 7. Eecanduit ira: his anger glowed BACCH.M again. This is a strong and beautiful 13. A deste sorores. Agave calls on her metaphor. sisters Ino and Autonoe to come and as y. Purus ab arboribus: free from trees. sist her. '0. Oculis profanis: with unhallowed 14. Aper. Inspired by fury, Agave mis eyes. takes Pentheus for a wild boar, and pur BAC. Thou who wouldst see what to thy sues hjm. Euripides says she mistook him curious eye for a lion ; Valerius Flaerus, a bull; Mar Is not pcrmitled; ihou who wouldsl allempt Things not lo be attempted, Penlheus, ho! tial and others, a calf. Thus Euripides: To Ihee I call; come fprlh; appear in sighl, AOAV. I caught him without toils, with a troop In female vesiraenls, like the Mmnades: Of hunters, this young lion: tliou mayest see him. Accoutred, on Ihy mother and her Irain CHO. In what lone wild ? To be n spy, Hiy graceful figure show: AOAV. Cithteron. A dnughler sure of Cadmus meets our eye. Cno. Of Cithaeron BACCH.G. What? 11. Prima videt. The mother of Pen AOAV. Killed him. Cno. But whose hand first wounded him ? theus was the first one that beheld Pen AOAV. 'Tis mine, it is my prize. theus profaning the rites of the deity. So Cno. Happy Agave! Euripides: AGAV. My name amid the Bacchic train u Him from CiHKcron's rocky head, famed: Or some enclosure rs rising mound, What other dame from Cadmus His molher first shall view in ambush laid. CHO. What of Cadmus! Then shouting call Ihe Mrenades around : AOAV. Who sprung from Cadmus, save my u These heights, these heights, ye Bacchre, self, myself, who Once touched this savage ? Ascends, our inouninin-ranging train to view? CHO. Happy in thy prize ! Whence is his lineage traced ? AOAV. Share then the feast. His birlh he lo no woman owes; Clio. Alas! what should I share ? But from some tigress in the howling wasle, AGAV. 'Tis but a whelp: benealh his shaggy Or Libyan Gorgon rose." head Venpeance, in all Ihy lerrors clad, appear; The hair yet soft begins to clothe his cheeks: High Ihy laundering falchion rear; This brindcd mane is the rough grace that marks Slain il in IHS nurighleous, impious gore, The mountain savage. Bacchus to this chase, And ruin on Ihis earth-born tyranl pour. The hunter Bacchus, roused the Mffinaues, BACCHJE. Showing his skill. BACCH.S. Et raptum vitulo caput ablatura superbo 12. Prima violavit. Agave was also the Bassaris. FEBSIUS, Sat. i. 100. first to wound her son, Pentheus. Thus Euripides: 17. Jam trrpidum. There is a regular gradation in the change of sentiment here, Agave, as the priestess of the riles, Began ihe murderous work, and rushes on him: concisely and beautifully expressed. What The milre from his hair he rent, Ihnl, known, is here affirmed of one who was infidel in His molher might not kill him ; on her cheek the case of the Bacchic rites, may be weil He placed his soothing hand, and suppliant said, predicated of modern infidels. When ' 'Tis I'cnthcus, O my mother ! 'lis Ihy son, trouble comes upon them, but especially Thine and Echion's son, who sues lo Ihee : Have pily on me, molher; do nol kill when death is approaching, they generally Thy son lor his ofience."' She foamed wilh rage, evince cowardice, abate their impiety, con Rolling her eyes askance, nor harbored thoughts demn their course of wickedness, and re She ought to harbor, frantic with It e god, cant their infidelity. Altumont, Spire, and 10 14. Ille aper qni er- IK ratmaximusinnoltria 10 Qgris; ille nper e« feriendus mihi. FABULA IX. METAMORPHOSED N. 255 Jam se damnantem, jam se peccasse fatentem. Saucius ille tamen, Fer opem, matertera, dixit, Autonoe: moveant animos Acteonis umbra?. Ilia quid Actffion nescit; dextramque precanti Abstnlit; Inoo lacerata est altera raptu. Non habet infelix quce matri brachia tendat: Trunca sed ostendens disjectis corpora membris; Adspice, mater, ait. Visis ululavit Agave ; Collaque jactavit, movitque per ae'ra crinem. Avulsumque caput digitis complexa cruentis Clamat, 16 comites, opus hrec victoria nostrum est. Non citius frondes autumno frigore tactas, Jamque male hocrentes alta rapit arbore ventus ; Q.uam sunt membra viri manibus dircpta nefandis. NOTJE. Voltaire are illustrious examples of the kind. 20. Actteonit umbra:. He conjures his aunt, Autonoe, by the remembrnnee ot the awful deaili of her son, Aciscon. to rescue him Iroin the tuiy ot the Mtenades. 21. Dextmm. W hile he extends his hands to her in entreaty, she teal's his right hand from his body. 22. Alterce: t he other, viz. the left hand. This arm, according to Euripides, was torn off by the mother of Aetreon. See note on prima violavit, line 12. 27. Cnput. His mother, Agave, tore off his head, and held it up in her bloody hands. Euripides enhances the horror of the scene by the circumstances: The miserable head His mother, as she caught it in her hands, Fixed on her thyrsus; o'er Cilhceron bears High litled, as some mountain lion's spoils. Leaving her sisters with the Macnades, And proud of her ill-fated prize, her steps She this way bends, on Bacchus calling loud, The partner of the chase and of the pri/e, The glorious conqueror, who this conquest guined Of tears to her. BACCHJE. 28. Victoria. It is an aggravation of this horrid catastrophe, that the mother, as she cluiehes the head of her murdered son in her blood-stained hands, is oil un conscious of lier crime, and rejoices in it as a victory: Do Heaven's rich stores, does Wisdom know A incetl more glorious, than wiih conquering hand To crrnsp the proud head of a foe ? Raptures still rise where Glory takes her stand. UACCHJE 30. Male luzreia.es: ill adhering. 31. Virepta sunt: were torn in pieces. They shouted wild: one snatched an arm, an one A sandalled foot: dismemhered hy their force Lay the bare trunk ; in their ensanguined hands Each hurled the flesh ol I'enllieiM lo and fro; His limbs were scattered ; on the craggy rocks $ome, on llic close-entwined thickets some. Ho easv search. BACCH.B. 20 25 20. Non ventus rapit citius ab aim arbore, 30 frondes taclas aulumno frigoie. jamqae ]ia?renles mule, quam 32. Sucra. To commemorate ihe history if the Flood, riles were esiablished, in vhich rctercnce is made 10 Noah, ihe tbyss, ihe ark, ihcdove, ihe rainbow, &.C., iraces of which were lo be found among all ancient people, even the niosi rude L ''Oine of these rites, according to Lucian, 11 his treaiise De Syria Dea, were esia- ulished by Deucalion (Noah) himself. Now, ihe ark which God ordered Noah 10 make, was called nan, Theba; and as Thebes, in Egypt, was a prominent seat of the Arkite worship, there is no doubt that it took its name from Theba, t he ark in which Noah and his family were pre served. In fact, Nonnus, in his Diony siacs, expressly says, that Thebes, on the southern part of the Nile, was named after the original Theba, or ark: vorit-i itapa NciXu The Arkite worship was introduced into Bceotia and the adjacent regions, and names were given to the places around, corresponding to the things commemorated. Arcadia signifies the land of the ark. Deu calion's (Noah's) ark %vas said 10 have rested on Parnassus, anciently Larnassus, so called Irom Xapm{, an arl. Polion, is named of ircXcfa, a dove. N ysa, at the toot of Parnassus, is the city of Nus .rtis), the husliandman (Noah). Thebes s called of Theba, the arls; and Bceotia itself signifies, alike, the land of the ark, and the land cf the ox, or heifer; for we are e.xprcssly told by the Scholiast on Lyco- plnon, that with the Syrians (Irom whom the Arkite worship came), the ark is ihe same as heifer or bull: OfilSa yap fi /3oi( Kara £t>/jouf. Now, as 6^/M, an ark, and Bo'V, or TuBpcij, a bull, are synonymous, the epithet Toupoyti/nj, ox-born, applied to Bacchus, is the same as 6i)/3uiy«'Jis, ark-born; but this laticr may be rendered also b-irn at Thebes, and from this may have arisen tiie mistake that Bacchus (Noah, who was born ol the
M 256 OVIDII NASONIS METAMORPHOSEON. LIBKK III. Talibus exemplis monite nova sacra frequentant, Thuraque dant, sanctasque colunt Ismenides aras. ark) was born at Thebes. The following Orphic fragment of a Hymn to Bacchus, according to the above interpretations, re fers to Noah, as born of the ark: Trrtpoytvtis Afdvutrof finjipoavvtjv n6pc Svriroiy. The ox-born Bacchus comfort brought to men. In Syriac, as we have remarked before, K'PIN signifies both a bull, and an ark or ship. But agnin, since the heathens had an in distinct tradition ol the Cherubim which was set up at the garden of Eden, and in troduced it in many of their emblems, as I have shown in the note upon Veliibra decs, p. 83, the above line from Orpheus may adumbrate Adam, as well as Noah, by considering Bacchus as born of the mys terious Cherubim, of which the form of the ox made a conspicuous part. In one place in the Scriptures, cherubim ts used for ox. See Explicatio of Fab. XIII. Lib. I. Under circumstances plainly referring to the Flood, Bacchus is also described as born of an egg, which is an apt figure of the Ark, fraught as it was with animal life : Tlpuriiyovov fraXeu liQvij, fii-yav ai3ep6ir\ayKTov, Sltiyevij, xPvat Qlolv dynMGnEVov irrtf/VYCaaiv, Taitfc/3rfu*', ycvtaiv /Jatfdpcw Svrjruv r' avSpaiirur. OKi'llEUB, Hymn v. I invoke Protogoiius, two-fold, Uie great wan- derer-under-heaven, born-of-an-egg, gloriously- represented with golden wings, bull-roarer, source of the gods and mortal men. The adornment of golden wings refers to the Dove, encircled, probably, by the rays of the rainbow. How he is born of an egg, and is the source of gods and men, will appear from what follows. We have before said, that Noah, Bacchus, and Osi ris are the same: *Oy Noie, Kai biGwaos, ital'Qoipis KaXrfrac. TZKTZES. Now, the Baris or ark of the Egyptians, NOT-iE. What does Pemheus resolve to do ? Whvther does he go ? Where was Citheeron ? What was the character of its scenery ? Does Penthcus attempt to discover what was done in the mysteries ? Who first sees him ? What does she do to him ? What animal did Agave take him to be ? membra viri sunt di- repta manibus nefandis. was represented by an egg, and the egg- like buildings in the Grecian Hippodrome arc called by the name of Baris, in Vitru vius. The sacred Baris is often seen con taining the eight gods of the Egyptians, who, no doubt, were the eight persons comprising Noah and his family, and who were probably regarded by their posterity as divine personages. The nocturnal con secration ol the egg was, therefore, of great account in the mysteries of Bacchus, remarking upon which, Porphyry says, it represented the world. 'Ep/jqpcuciv fe TO cLuf rdf tc6cuov. APlin EUSEB. PREP. Ev. That world was Noah and his family, comprising all of human and of besiial life. In like manner, too, Arnobius de scribes the Syrian gods as sprung from eggs: Titanes, el Bocores Mauri, et ovorum proge nies, Dii Syri. LIB. i. Atargatis (Dercetis), which signifies a sea-monster, and was an emblem of the Ark, represented half man and half fish, is described by Simplieius, in his comment upon Aristotle, as a receptacle of the gods: fijtf ^vpiav 'ATapyaTlv rS-nov SEUV Ka\iovat. SIMPLICIUS IN ARISTOT. Macrobius also makes Atargatis the mo ther of the gods, giving her the same character as is given to Khca or Cybclc; and the Genius of the Ark, under the character of Rhea and Cybcle, is styled by Lucretius: Magnn deum rnater, materque ferarum. I.IB. ii. 583. The pomegranate itself. Two (Rhea), from which the goddess Rhca is named, is a fit representation of the Ark, for its shape is egg-like, and it contains abundant seeds disposed within it. 33. Ismcnides. The Theban women, so called from Israenus, a river of Bceotia. QU^ESTIONES. Whom did she call to her aid ? What moving appeal did Pentheus make to his aunt, Autonoii ? What did Autonoe do to him ? What was the fate of Arisen ? Who tore off the head of Pentheus ? What did she do with it ? What effect had this destruction of Pen- theus upon the Thebans ? P. OVIDII NASONIS METAMO1IPHOSEON. LIBER IV. ARGUMENTUM. .NOTWITHSTANDING the example afforded by the fate of Pentheus, Alcithoe and her sisters will not admit the divinity of Bacchus. When all the other Theban women lay aside their engagements, to join in the festival of the god, they continue their spinning and weaving, while they lighten their labors by the recital of various stories. The principal 6f these was the story of Pyramus and Thisbe, upon whose tragical death, the fruit of the mulberry tree, under which they lay, was changed from white to black. At the conclusion of their stories, strange noises are heard, apparitions and lights are seen in the house, and the sisters are changed into bats. Still cherishing implacable hatred against the house of Cadmus, Juno visits the Infernal regions, and employs Tisiphone, one of the Furies, to affect with madness, Ino, the daughter of Cadmus, and Athamas, her husband. Under this influence, Athamas slays Learchus, while Ino, with Melicerta in her arms, leaps into the sea, of which they become deities. The attendants who had followed Ino are changed into rocks and birds. Overcome with the accumulated miseries of their descendants, Cadmus and Hermione abandon Thebes, arid going into Illyria, are changed into serpents. Their principal solace is the thought that the powerful deity, Bacchus, is descended from them. Acrisius of Argos is now the only one that denies the divine character of the god. He refuses to believe that Bacchus is the son of Jupiter, and in like man ner does not cre'dit that his own grandson, Perseus, is born of Jupiter, by Danae. The valorous deeds of the latter are a proof of his descent. After the slaughter of the Gorgon, he now stopped to claim the hospi tality of Atlas, and on being repulsed by him, changes him into a moun tain. Afterwards, in his passage through the air, Perseus beholds An dromeda chained to a rock, and slays the monster who is advancing from the sea to devour her. Perseus marries Andromeda, and at the bridal feast relates the manner in which he had slain the Gorgon, and cut off" her head. Many serpents spring up from the drops of blood that fell; the winged horse, Pegasus, also, and his brother Chrysaor. 33 \-2 257
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If P. OV1DIUS NASO.
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«' < V THE METAMUKPHOSES PUBLIUS O
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PREFACE. To the student of the Clas
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8 LIFE AND WRITINGS OF OVID. visite
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TESTIMONIA VETERUM SCRIPTORUM DE OV
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I FROCEMIUM. 1 ... 11 2 ... 12 3. .
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AKGUMENTUM. AFTER a concise and ele
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24 P. OVIDII NASONIS Non bene junct
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I 28 P. OV1DII NASONIS In mare perv
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ill FABULA II. ANIMALIUM HOMINISQUE
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36 P. OVIDII NASONIS Bic, modo qua
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40 P. OVIDII N ASONIS Montibus in l
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FABULA IV. ARGENTEA In the second,
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"ll •11, FABULA V. AIIENEA .ETAS,
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§2 P- OVIDII NASONIS Non socer a g
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56 P. OVIDII NASONIS Fulmine, et ex
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Mi 60 P. OVIDII N ASONIS Hac iter e
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TABULA. VIII. LYCAON MUTATUS IN LUP
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TABULA IX. DILUVIUM. Having res'.ve
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[ ' IH f 72 P. OVIDII NASONIS Et qu
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76 P. OVIDII N ASONIS Obruerat tumu
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80 P. OVIDII N ASONIS Nunc quoque a
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84 P. OVIDII N ASONIS Squallebant m
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FABULA XL REPARATIO ANIMALIUM: PYTH
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92 P. OVIDII NASONIS Perdidit effus
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96 P. OVIDII N ASONIS Dixerat: ista
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d 100 P. OVIDII N ASONIS Ncc prosun
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I \\ fcl ' II FABULA XIII. IO MUTAT
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108 P. OVIDII NASONIS Bos quoquc Fo
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112 P. OVIDII 1SASONIS Argus ait; n
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116 P. OVIDII NASONIS Virginitate D
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120 P. OVIDII NASONIS Ultimus immen
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P. OVIDII NASONIS METAMORPHOSEON. L
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I' ft! 128 P. OVIDII NASONIS Caerul
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132 P. OVIDII NASONIS In promptu re
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FABULA 11. TERR.EJ INCENDIUM; PHAKT
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140 P. OVIDII NASON1S Hunc puer ut
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144 P. OV1DII NASONIS Cuique fuit r
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I FABULA ill III. SORORES PHAETHONT
Page 79 and 80: severe a fate. NOTJE. LIBER II. 55.
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Page 89 and 90: FABULA VIII. NYCTIMENE IN NOCTUAM M
Page 91 and 92: FABULA IX. OCYRRHOE IN EQUAM MUTATI
Page 93 and 94: FABULA X. BATTUS IN INDICEM MU TATU
Page 95 and 96: FABULA XI. AGRAULOSIN SAXUM MUTATA.
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Page 99 and 100: FABULA XII. JUPITER IN TAUIIUM MUTA
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Page 129: Illl 8" fr FABULA IX. PENTHEUS A BA
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Page 167 and 168: DEPOSCO. DILUVIUM. Deposco, ere, pu
Page 169 and 170: '1 ERECTUS. EXHALO. "Erectus, a, um
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Page 173 and 174: ICHNOBATES. IMPATIENS. fchnobates,
Page 175 and 176: INSCIUS. INVIDIOSUS. crazy, fejlish
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Page 179 and 180: •j B^ MINYEIUS. progenitor of the
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NUTRIO. totter, shake, tremble, wav
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PAX. PERLUO. trepidation, leafing o
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PRjESENTIA. PROFUNDUS. erful; manif
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REDEO. REdeo, ire, ii, and Ivi, ttu
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8CORPIOS. SERIES. any large stone:
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STO. SULFUR. ing the roots; the roo
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THYONEUS. Thyoneus, ei and eos, m.
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VENIO. VIMEN. lion; permission, lea
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i RECOMMENDATIONS. From the Rev. J.
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I: 1. NATIONAL SERIES OF STANDARD S
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