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64 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO PALEOBIOLOGY Statistic Mean Standard deviation Minimum Maximum Sample size Appendix 8 Summary statistics for Catharacta spp. (Measurements are in mm. Abbreviations are defined in "Methods.") Modem Catharacta maccormicki from the Antarctic. Fern L 60.56 2.03 58.5 64.1 7 TibAL 103.01 3.05 100.3 108.1 7 TmtL 66.41 1.81 64.0 69.8 7 Hum L 135.54 4.15 130.6 141.6 7 UlnaL 139.56 4.45 133.4 144.8 7 Modem Catharacta skua lonnbergi from New Zealand Subantarctic islands. Statistic Mean Standard deviation Minimum Maximum Sample size Site 8.4 Site 9 Site 13.5 Site 19 Site 15.2 Fern L 73.55 3.76 69.6 78.8 6 TibAL 126.18 4.22 122.0 132.5 5 TmtL 81.50 1.99 79.2 84.6 5 Hum L 152.02 5.15 145.1 158.0 6 Fossil Catharacta bones from Amsterdam Island. UlnaL 153.88 4.40 148.4 159.5 5 Cmc L 76.40 1.80 74.1 78.4 5 Location Hum L UlnaL Cmc L Fern L TibAL TmtL 144.1 71 74.4 76.5 75.9 Cmc L 69.60 2.36 66.4 73.7 7
NUMBER 89 65 Alcover, J.A., and M. McMinn 1995. Fossil Birds of the Canary Islands. Courier Forschungsinstitut Senckenberg, 181:207-213. Bourne, W.R.P. 1968. The Birds of Rodriguez, Indian Ocean. Ibis, 110:338-345. Bourne, W.R.P, A.C.F. David, and C. Jouanin 1983. Probable Garganey on St. Paul and Amsterdam Islands, Indian Ocean. Wildfowl, 34:127-129. Genevois, F., and V. Bretagnolle 1995. Sexual Dimorphism of Voice and Morphology in the Thin-billed Prion (Pachyptila belcheri). Notornis, 42:1-10. Gill, F.B. 1967. Birds of Rodriguez Island (Indian Ocean). Ibis, 109:383-390. Hachisuka, M. 1953. The Dodo and Kindred Birds. 250 pages. London: H.F. & G. Witherby, Ltd. Holdaway, R.N., and TH. Worthy 1994. A New Fossil Species of Shearwater Puffinus from the Late Quaternary of the South Island, New Zealand, and Notes on the Biogeography and Evolution of the Puffinus Gavia Superspecies. Emu, 94: 201-215. Jouanin, C. 1953. Le materiel ornithologique de la mission "Passage de Venus sur le soleil" (1874), Station de L'ile Saint-Paul. Bulletin du Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle, Paris, series 2, 25(6):529-540. Jouanin, C, and P. Paulian 1960. Recherches sur des ossements d'oiseaux provenant de file Nouvelle-Amsterdam (ocean Indien). In G. Bergman, K..O Donner, and Lars von Haartman, editors, Proceedings of the XHth International Ornithological Congress, Helsinki 5-12 VI 1958, pages 368-372. Jouventin, P. 1994. Past, Present, Future of Amsterdam Island (Indian Ocean) and Its Avifauna. Birdlife Conservation Series, 1:122-132. Jouventin, P., J. Martinez, and J.P. Roux 1989. Breeding Biology and Current Status of the Amsterdam Albatross Diomedea amsterdamensis. Ibis, 131:171-182. Jouventin, P., J.C. Stahl, H. Weimerskirch, and J.L. Mougin 1984. The Seabirds of the French Subantarctic Islands and Adelie Land, Their Status and Conservation. In J.P. Croxall, P.G.H Evans, and R.W. Schreiber, editors, Status and Conservation of the World's Seabirds, pages 609-625. Cambridge: International Council for Bird Preservation, Technical Publication number 2. Marchant, S., and P.J. Higgins, coordinators 1990. Handbook of Australian, New Zealand and Antarctic Birds, IA: Ratites to Petrels. 735 pages, 53 plates. Melbourne: Oxford University Press. Martinez, J. 1987. A New Probable Case of Insular Endemism: The Garganey of Amsterdam Island. Documents des Laboratoires de Geologie de la Faculte des Sciences de Lyon, 99:211-219. Micol, T. 1995. Projet pilote de rehabilitation ecologique de l'ile Saint-Paul per eradication des rats et des lapins. [Unpublished report at Centre Literature Cited d'Etudes Biologiques de Chize, Centre Natioanl de la Recherche Scientifique, Administration du Territoire des Terres Australes et Antarctiques Francaises, 34 me des Renandes 75017 Paris, France.] Micol, T, and P. Jouventin 1995. Restoration of Amsterdam Island, South Indian Ocean, Following Control of Feral Cattle. Biological Conservation, 73:199-206. Milberg, P., and T. Tyrberg 1993. Naive Birds and Noble Savages—A Review of Man-Caused Prehistoric Extinctions of Island Birds. Ecography, 16:229-250. Millener, P.R. 1990. Evolution, Extinction and the Subfossil Record of New Zealand's Avifauna. In B.J. Gill and B.D. Heather, editors, A Flying Start, pages 93-100. Auckland: Random Century in association with Ornithological Society of New Zealand, Inc. Newton, E. 1888. List of Birds of the Mascarene Islands Including the Seychelles. Transactions of the Norfolk and Norwich Naturalist's Society, 4: 548-554. Olson, Storrs L. 1975. Paleornithology of St. Helena Island, South Atlantic Ocean. Smithsonian Contributions to Paleobiology, 23: 49 pages, 10 figures, 6 plates, 8 tables. Olson, Storrs L., and H.F. James 1991. Descriptions of Thirty-Two New Species of Birds from the Hawaiian Islands, Part 1: Non-Passeriformes. Ornithological Monographs, 45:1-88. Olson, Storrs L., and P. Jouventin 1996. A New Species of Small Flightless Duck from Amsterdam Island, Southern Indian Ocean (Anatidae: Anas). Condor, 98(1): 1-9. Paulian, P. 1960. Quelques donnees sur L'avifaune ancienne des lies Amsterdam et Saint-Paul. L 'Oiseau et la Revue Francaise d'Ornithologie, 30(1): 18-23. Roux, J.P, and J. Martinez 1987. Rare, Vagrant and Introduced Birds at Amsterdam and Saint Paul Islands, Southern Indian Ocean. Cormorant, 14:3-19. Roux, J.P, J.-L. Mougin, and J.A. Bartle 1986. Le prion de Macgillivray; donnees taxinomiques. L 'Oiseau et la Revue Francaise d'Ornithologie, 56(4):379-383. Steadman, D.W. 1989. Extinction of Birds in Eastern Polynesia: A Review of the Record, and Comparisons with Other Pacific Island Groups. Journal of Archaeological Science, 16:17 7-2 05. 1995. Prehistoric Extinctions of Pacific Island Birds: Biodiversity Meets Zooarchaeology. Science, 267:1123-1131. Tollu, B. 1984. La Quille (He Saint Paul, ocean Indien), sanctuaire de populations relictes. L 'Oiseau et la Revue Francaise d'Ornithologie, 54(1): 79-85. Worthy, T.H., and R.N. Holdaway 1993. Quaternary Fossil Faunas from Caves in the Punakaiki Area, West Coast, South Island, New Zealand. Journal of the Royal Society of New Zealand, 23(3): 147-254.
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64 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO PALEOBIOLOGY<br />
Statistic<br />
Mean<br />
Standard deviation<br />
Minimum<br />
Maximum<br />
Sample size<br />
Appendix 8<br />
Summary statistics for Catharacta spp.<br />
(Measurements are in mm. Abbreviations are defined in "Methods.")<br />
Modem Catharacta maccormicki from the Antarctic.<br />
Fern L<br />
60.56<br />
2.03<br />
58.5<br />
64.1<br />
7<br />
TibAL<br />
103.01<br />
3.05<br />
100.3<br />
108.1<br />
7<br />
TmtL<br />
66.41<br />
1.81<br />
64.0<br />
69.8<br />
7<br />
Hum L<br />
135.54<br />
4.15<br />
130.6<br />
141.6<br />
7<br />
UlnaL<br />
139.56<br />
4.45<br />
133.4<br />
144.8<br />
7<br />
Modem Catharacta skua lonnbergi from New Zealand Subantarctic islands.<br />
Statistic<br />
Mean<br />
Standard deviation<br />
Minimum<br />
Maximum<br />
Sample size<br />
Site 8.4<br />
Site 9<br />
Site 13.5<br />
Site 19<br />
Site 15.2<br />
Fern L<br />
73.55<br />
3.76<br />
69.6<br />
78.8<br />
6<br />
TibAL<br />
126.18<br />
4.22<br />
122.0<br />
132.5<br />
5<br />
TmtL<br />
81.50<br />
1.99<br />
79.2<br />
84.6<br />
5<br />
Hum L<br />
152.02<br />
5.15<br />
145.1<br />
158.0<br />
6<br />
Fossil Catharacta bones from Amsterdam Island.<br />
UlnaL<br />
153.88<br />
4.40<br />
148.4<br />
159.5<br />
5<br />
Cmc L<br />
76.40<br />
1.80<br />
74.1<br />
78.4<br />
5<br />
<strong>Lo</strong>cation Hum L UlnaL Cmc L Fern L TibAL TmtL<br />
144.1<br />
71<br />
74.4<br />
76.5<br />
75.9<br />
Cmc L<br />
69.60<br />
2.36<br />
66.4<br />
73.7<br />
7
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