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322 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO PALEOBIOLOGY Currie, P.J., J.K. Rigby, Jr., and R.E. Sloan 1990. Theropod Teeth from the Judith River Formation of Southern Alberta, Canada. In Kenneth Carpenter and Philip J. Currie, editors, Dinosaur Systematics: Approaches and Perspectives, pages 107-125. Cambridge, Cambridge University Press. Currie, Philip J., and X. Zhao 1993. A New Troodontid (Dinosauria, Theropoda) Braincase from the Dinosaur Park Formation (Campanian) of Alberta. Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences, 30:2231-2247. Dashzeveg, D., M.J. Novacek, M.A. Norell, J.M.Clark, L.M. Chiappe, A. Davidson, M.C. McKenna, L. Dingus, C. Swisher, and A. Perle 1995. Extraordinary Preservation in a New Vertebrate Assemblage from the Late Cretaceous of Mongolia. Nature, 374:446-449. Elzanowski, Andrzej 1974. Preliminary Note on a Palaeognathous Bird from the Upper Cretaceous of Mongolia. Palaeontologia Polonica, 30:103-109. 1977. Skulls of Gobipteryx (Aves) from the Upper Cretaceous of Mongolia. Palaeontologia Polonica, 37:153-165. 1981. Embryonic Bird Skeletons from the Late Cretaceous of Mongolia. Palaeontologia Polonica, 42:147-179. 1991. New Observations on the Skull of Hesperomis with Reconstructions of the Bony Palate and Otic Region. Postilla, 207: 20 pages. 1995. Cretaceous Birds and Avian Phylogeny. Courier Forschungsinstitut Senckenberg, 181:41-59. Elzanowski, Andrzej, and Peter Wellnhofer 1992. A New Link between Theropods and Birds from the Cretaceous of Mongolia. Nature, 359:821-823. 1993. Skull of Archaeomithoides from the Upper Cretaceous of Mongolia. American Journal of Science, 293-A:235—252. 1995. The Skull of Archaeopteryx and the Origin of Birds. Archaeopteryx, 13:41-46. 1996. The Cranial Morphology of Archaeopteryx: Evidence from the Seventh Skeleton. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology, 16:81-94. Feduccia, Alan 1996. The Origin and Evolution of Birds. 420 pages. New Haven and London: Yale University Press. Frank, G.H. 1954. The Development of the Chondrocranium of the Ostrich. Annals of the University of Stellenbosch, 30:179-248. Gauthier, Jacques 1986. Saurischian Monophyly and the Origin of Birds. Memoirs of the California Academy of Sciences, 8:1—46. Gingerich, P.D. 1972. A New Partial Mandible of Ichthyornis. Condor, 74:471^173. 1973. Skull of Hesperomis and Early Evolution of Birds. Nature, 243:70-73. Holtz, T.R., Jr. 1994. The Phylogenetic Position of the Tyrannosauridae: Implications for Theropod Systematics. Journal of Paleontology, 68:1100-1117. 1996. Phylogenetic Taxonomy of the Coelurosauria (Dinosauria: Theropoda). Journal of Paleontology, 70:536-538. Hou, Lianhai, Zhonghe Zhou, Larry D. Martin, and Alan Feduccia 1995. A Beaked Bird from the Jurassic of China. Nature, 337:616-618. Howgate, M.E. 1984. The Teeth of Archaeopteryx and a Reinterpretation of the Eichstatt Specimen. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society, 82:159-175. Jollie, Malcolm 1957. The Head Skeleton of the Chicken and Remarks on the Anatomy of this Region in Other Birds. Journal of Morphology, 100:389-436. Kurzanov, S.M. 1987. Avimimidy i problema proiskhozhdenia ptits [Avimimids and the Question of the Origin of Birds]. Trudy, Sovmestnaya Sovetsko- MongoVskaya Paleontologicheskaya Ekspeditsiya, 31:5-95. Madsen, J.H., Jr. 1976. Allosaurus fragilis: A Revised Osteology. Utah Geological and Mineral Survey Bulletin, 109: 163 pages. Marsh, O.C. 1880. Odontornithes: A Monograph on the Extinct Toothed Birds of North America. Memoirs of the Peabody Museum of Yale College, 1: 201 pages. Martin, L.D. 1987. The Beginning of the Modem Avian Radiation. Documents des Laboratoires de Geologie Lyon, 99:9-19. Martin, L.D., and J.D. Stewart 1977. Teeth in Ichthyornis (Class: Aves). Science, 195:1331-1332. Martin, L.D., J.D. Stewart, and K.N. Whetstone 1980. The Origin of Birds: Structure of the Tarsus and Teeth. Auk, 97:86-93. Maryariska, T, and H. Osm61ska 1997. The Quadrate of Oviraptorid Dinosaurs. Acta Palaeontologica Polonica, 42:377-387. McDowell, Samuel 1978. Homology Mapping of the Primitive Archosaurian Reptile Palate on the Palate of Birds. Evolutionary Theory, 4:81-94. Muller, Hans-Joachim 1963. Die Morphologie und Entwicklung des Craniums von Rhea americana Linne, II: Viszeralskelett, Mittelohr und Osteocranium. Zeitschriftfiir Wissenschaftliche Zoologie, 168:35-118. Nemeschkal, H.L. 1983a. Zum Nachweis eines Os coronoideum bei Vogeln—ein Beitrag zur Morphologie des Sauropsiden-Unterkiefers. Zoologische Jahrbuecher, Abteilung fiir Anatomie, 109:117-151. 1983b. Zur Morphologie des Unterkieferskeletes: das Sauropsidendentale—ein aus 2 Deckknochen zusammengesetztes Element (Vertebrata, Sauroposida). Zoologische Jahrbucher, Abteilung fiir Anatomie, 109:369-396. Norell, M.A., J.M. Clark, D. Dashzeveg, R. Barsbold, L.M. Chiappe, A.R. Davidson, M.C. McKenna, A. Perle, and M. Novacek 1994. A Theropod Dinosaur Embryo and the Affinities of the Flaming Cliffs Dinosaur Eggs. Science, 266:779-782. Osborn, H.F. 1924. Three New Theropoda, Protoceratops Zone, Central Mongolia. American Museum Novitates, 144: 12 pages. Osmolska, Halszka 1976. New Light on the Skull Anatomy and Systematic Position of Oviraptor. Nature, 262:683-684. Osm61ska, Halszka, Ewa Roniewicz, and Rinchen Barsbold 1972. A New Dinosaur, Gallimimus bullatus n. gen., n. sp. (Ornithomimidae) from the Upper Cretaceous of Mongolia. Palaeontologia Polonica, 27:103-143. Ostrom, J.H. 1969. Osteology of Deinonychus antirrhopus, an Unusual Theropod from the Lower Cretaceous of Montana. Bulletin of the Peabody Museum of Natural History, 30: 165 pages. 1976. Archaeopteryx and the Origin of Birds. Biological Journal of the Linnean Society, 8:91-182. Perez-Moreno, B.P., J.L. Sanz, A.D. Buscalioni, J.J. Moratalla, F. Ortega, and D. Rasskin-Gutman 1994. A Unique Multitoothed Ornithomimosaur Dinosaur from the Lower Cretaceous of Spain. Nature, 370:363-367. Raath, M.A. 1985. The Theropod Syntarsus and Its Bearing on the Origin of Birds. In M.K. Hecht, J.H. Ostrom, G. Viohl, and P. Wellnhofer, editors, The Beginnings of Birds, pages 219-227. Eichstatt: Freunde des Jura Museums Eichstatt. Russell, D.A., and Z. Dong 1993. The Affinities of a New Theropod from the Alxa Desert, Inner Mongolia, People's Republic of China. Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences. 30:2107-2127.
NUMBER 89 323 Smith, David 1992. The Type Specimen of Oviraptor philoceratops, a Theropod Dinosaur from the Upper Cretaceous of Mongolia. Neues Jahrbuch fiir Geologie und Paldontologie, Abhandlungen, 186:365-388. Sternberg, R.M. 1940. A Toothless Bird from the Cretaceous of Alberta. Journal of Paleontology, 14:81-85. Sues, Hans-Dieter 1977. The Skull of Velociraptor mongoliensis, a Small Cretaceous Theropod Dinosaur from Mongolia. Palaeontologische Zeitschrift, 51:173-184. 1997. On Chirostenotes, a Late Cretaceous Oviraptorosaur (Dinosauria: Theropoda) from Western North America. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology, 17:698-716. Tarsitano, Samuel 1991. Archaeopteryx: quo vadis? In H.P. Schultze and L. Trueb, editors, Origins of the Higher Groups ofTetrapods, pages 541-576. Ithaca: Comstock Publishing Associates. Weber, Erich 1993. Zur Evolution basicranialer Gelenke bei Vogeln, insbesondere bei Huhner—und Entenvogeln (Galloanseres). Zeitschrift fiir Zoologische Systematik undEvolutionsforschung, 31:300—317. Wellnhofer, Peter 1993. Das siebte Exemplar von Archaeopteryx aus den Solnhofener Schichten. Archaeopteryx, 11:1-47. Wetmore, A. 1930. A Systematic Classification for the Birds of the World. Proceedings of the United States National Museum, 76:1-8. Witmer, L.M. 1990. The Craniofacial Air Sac System of Mesozoic Birds (Aves). Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society, 100:327-378. Zusi, R.L., and K.I. Warheit 1992. On the Evolution of Intraramal Mandibular Joints in Pseudodontoms (Aves: Odontopterygia). In K.E. Campbell, editor, Papers in Avian Biology Honoring Pierce Brodkorb. Science Series, Natural History Museum of Los Angeles County, 36:351-360.
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SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO PALEOB
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ABSTRACT Olson, Storrs L., editor.
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EARLY WATERFOWL (ANSERIFORMES) AND
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v m SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO PA
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localities, all of them situated in
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Bone of Sus scrofa Linnaeus, introd
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duboisi are larger than the largest
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8 iver (1897) but afterward were tr
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10 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO PAL
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16 Cor. Hum. Uln. Cpm. Fern. Tbt. T
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20 sometatarsus are proportionally
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22 Cor. Hum. Uln. Cpm. Fern. Tbt. T
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26 Cor. Hum. Cpm. Fern. Tbt. Tmt. P
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34 ability in such a way that it ca
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42 2km SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO
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Site 13 Research Base ENTRANCE Lowe
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48 the last has unusually slender w
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50 Si 5 15i 10- 5- 20 J 15 I 10 f 5
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Comparison of Paleoecological Patte
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NUMBER 89 69 TABLE 1.—Vertebrate
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NUMBER 89 71 Mallorca, probably in
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NUMBER 89 Alcover, J.A. 1989. Les a
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The History of the Chatham Islands'
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NUMBER 89 87 Species Common Name Pe
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NUMBER 89 89 NZA 797,1930,1934 Unco
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NUMBER 89 91 anoramphus spp.), Chat
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NUMBER 89 93 TABLE 2.—Land snails
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NUMBER 89 95 counterparts, with som
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NUMBER 89 population, if such exist
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NUMBER 89 99 FIGURE 11.—Skulls of
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NUMBER 89 101 FIGURE 13.—Lower ma
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NUMBER 89 the Chatham Island Pied O
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NUMBER 89 Locality 9, Western Maung
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NUMBER 89 107 yellowish sand (site
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NUMBER 89 109 ogy. Notornis, supple
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112 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO PA
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The Middle Pleistocene Avifauna of
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NUMBER 89 Accordi, B. 1962. La grot
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130 FIGURE 1.—Map showing locatio
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132 Cranium Mandibula Scapula Clavi
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Seabirds and Late Pleistocene Marin
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NUMBER 89 141 METHODS Only strictly
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NUMBER 89 143 FIGURE 2.—Area of s
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NUMBER 89 151 FIGURE 10.—Area of
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NUMBER 89 153 FIGURE 12.—Area of
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NUMBER 89 155 the period studied. T
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NUMBER 89 157 Walker, C.A., G.M. Wr
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164 Vl 620 M 570 £ 520 S 470f •
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166 birds, such as the two species
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170 cional Autonoma de Mexico, for
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174 ated with this specimen, see Mi
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The Fossil Record of Condors (Cicon
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NUMBER 89 179 FIGURE 2.—Geographi
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NUMBER 89 181 FIGURE 5.—Vulturida
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NUMBER 89 183 FIGURE 7.—Referred
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Two New Fossil Eagles from the Late
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NUMBER 89 187 TABLE 1.—Measuremen
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NUMBER 89 189 carpal trochlea relat
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NUMBER 89 191 FIGURE 4.—Holotypic
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NUMBER 89 193 We compared the parat
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NUMBER 89 195 FIGURE 6.—Distribut
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NUMBER 89 197 the Florida State Mus
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A New Genus of Dwarf Megapode (Gall
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NUMBER 89 201 lis hypotarsi along t
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NUMBER 89 203 The fossil is larger
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NUMBER 89 205 Clark, George A., Jr.
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A New Genus and Species of the Fami
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NUMBER 89 209 son with other known
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NUMBER 89 211 FIGURE 1.—Argornis
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NUMBER 89 213 AM AL AM AL AM AL AM
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NUMBER 89 215 caput humeri perpendi
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Selmes absurdipes, New Genus, New S
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NUMBER 89 219 FIGURE 2.—Selmes ab
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NUMBER 89 221 Costae: Deformed frag
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A Fossil Screamer (Anseriformes: An
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NUMBER 89 FIGURE 3.—Chaunoides an
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NUMBER 89 227 B C D FIGURE 6.—The
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NUMBER 89 229 FIGURE 9.—Right tib
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The Anseriform Relationships of Ana
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NUMBER 89 233 Subfamily ANATALAVINA
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NUMBER 89 235 mal was found under t
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NUMBER 89 237 tion, with retroartic
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NUMBER 89 FIGURE 7.—Sternum and p
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NUMBER 89 241 der. The bone is very
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NUMBER 89 243 Eocene records of the
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Presbyornis isoni and Other Late Pa
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NUMBER 89 255 FIGURE 1.—Referred
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NUMBER 89 257 vical vertebrae of th
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NUMBER 89 259 (Olson and Parris, 19
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Page 282 and 283: 272 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO PA
Page 284 and 285: 274 America. Science, 214(4526): 12
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Page 288 and 289: 278 ment of the radius that are con
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Page 294 and 295: 284 Kurochkin, E.N. 1982. [New Orde
Page 298 and 299: 288 Palaeontological Institute. [Sp
Page 300 and 301: 290 1991). In this paper we use a "
Page 305 and 306: Implantation and Replacement of Bir
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Page 335: Early Evolution of Birds: Roundtabl
Page 348 and 349: 338 evolved independently twice." M
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