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248 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO PALEOBIOLOGY J Presbyornis FIGURE 2.—Right coracoid in ventral view, with inset showing the head in medial view. Juncitarsus gracillimus: USNM 468466. Presbyornis pervetus: UCMP 126194. (a=processus acrocoracoideus, Z>=facies articularis clavicularis.) the Presbyornithidae); the scar for M. scapulohumeralis cranialis forming a shallow to moderately deep, elliptical depression (a narrow, deep scar in the Presbyornithidae); the fossa pneumotricipitalis ventralis small and perhaps pneumatic (a large, deep, nonpneumatic excavation in the Presbyornithidae); the scars for Mm. latissimus dorsi posterioris and anterioris are directed toward a point well distal of where the deltoid crest sets off from the shaft (directed toward where the crest sets off from the shaft in the Presbyornithidae) (Figure 4). In the distal end of the humems, Juncitarsus differs from the Presbyornithidae in having the attachment area of the anterior articular ligament of Howard (1929) much more elevated and lateromedially narrow; the processus flexorius not as ventrally Juncitarsus Presbyornis FIGURE 3.—Left scapula in dorsal view. Juncitarsus gracillimus: USNM 468466. Presbyornis pervetus: UCMP 126193 (in mirror image). (a-craniodorsal margin.) protmding; probably a well-developed sulcus for M. scapulohumeralis, which is lacking in the Presbyornithidae; and the two scars for M. flexor carpi ulnaris on the processus flexorius distinctly unequal in size (the posterior is considerably larger), whereas these scars are of about equal size in the Presbyornithidae, or the anterior is the larger (Figure 5). ULNA.—I have found no distinctive differences in the proximal end, maybe due to the poor preservation of the only specimen of Juncitarsus available. In the distal end, the tuberculum carpale is short and directed cranially, not clearly craniodistally as in Presbyornis (proximodistally much longer and blunter in Telmabates). RADIALE.—Although generally very similar, Juncitarsus differs from Presbyornis (the only presbyornithid genus in which this bone is known) in lacking the deep excavation of the dorsal side and in having the incisure at the cranial side deeply cut and not as wide (Figure 6). CARPOMETACARPUS.—The only proximal end known of Juncitarsus has the cranial margin of trochlea carpalis (bordering the anterior carpal fossa) convex, not deeply concave as in the Presbyornithidae (Figure 7). No difference has been found in the distal end of the carpometacarpus. FEMUR.—The femur of Juncitarsus seems to be more robust than that in the Presbyornithidae. Furthermore, the femoral neck in Juncitarsus is broader in proximal view; the impressiones iliotrochanterici show a very different pattern than in the Presbyornithidae; and the trochlea fibularis is concave, or flat,
NUMBER 89 249 in lateral view in Juncitarsus (most often convex in the Presbyornithidae) (Figure 8). TIBIOTARSUS.—A part of the distal, lateral condyle is the only adult specimen of Juncitarsus available for comparison. It differs from the Presbyornithidae in having the distal margin distinctly concave, not smoothly rounded. TARSOMETATARSUS.—The tarsometatarsus (Figure 9) is considerably more elongated and slender in Juncitarsus than in the Presbyornithidae; the intercotylar knob is much larger; the cotylae are deeper and narrower; the hypotarsus is lateromedially narrower and protmdes more caudally, with the crista lateralis as large as the crista medialis (the crista medialis is very low in the Presbyornithidae); and the shaft is rectangular in Presbyornis FIGURE 5.—Distal end of right humerus of Presbyornis pervetus, UCMP 119399 (in mirror image), in anconal (left) and palmar (right) views. (a=attachment for the anterior articular ligament, 6=processus flexorius, c= sulcus M. scapulohumeralis, t/=scars for M. flexor carpi ulnaris.) Presbyornis FIGURE 4.—Proximal end of left humerus in anconal view. Juncitarsus gracillimus: proximal end USNM 468466. Presbyornis pervetus: UCMP 126205; the shape of crista deltoidea, however, is based on USNM 492550 (in mirror image). (a=area below caput humeri, 6=scar for M. scapulohumeralis cranialis, c=fossa pneumotricipitalis ventralis, t/=scars for Mm. latissimus dorsi posterioris and anterioris.) both taxa but is laterally very compressed in Juncitarsus, not craniocaudally compressed as in Presbyornis (insufficiently known in Telmabates). The distal end essentially is very similar to the Presbyornithidae but is more laterally compressed; the foramen vasculare is as large as in the Presbyornithidae but is narrower mediolaterally, with its caudal opening situated slightly more proximad; and the scar for the hallux is situated more distally on the shaft. Presbyornis Juncitarsus FIGURE 6.—Right radiale in dorsal view (left) and in ventral view (right). Juncitarsus gracillimus: USNM 244333 (in mirror image). Presbyornis pervetus: USNM 492552. (a=excavation of dorsal side, 6=incisure.)
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»'' § "S^ iFjwtM . •- .m-i Avia
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SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO PALEOB
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ABSTRACT Olson, Storrs L., editor.
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EARLY WATERFOWL (ANSERIFORMES) AND
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v m SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO PA
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localities, all of them situated in
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Bone of Sus scrofa Linnaeus, introd
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duboisi are larger than the largest
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8 iver (1897) but afterward were tr
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10 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO PAL
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16 Cor. Hum. Uln. Cpm. Fern. Tbt. T
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20 sometatarsus are proportionally
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22 Cor. Hum. Uln. Cpm. Fern. Tbt. T
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26 Cor. Hum. Cpm. Fern. Tbt. Tmt. P
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34 ability in such a way that it ca
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42 2km SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO
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Site 13 Research Base ENTRANCE Lowe
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48 the last has unusually slender w
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50 Si 5 15i 10- 5- 20 J 15 I 10 f 5
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Comparison of Paleoecological Patte
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NUMBER 89 69 TABLE 1.—Vertebrate
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NUMBER 89 71 Mallorca, probably in
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NUMBER 89 Alcover, J.A. 1989. Les a
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The History of the Chatham Islands'
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NUMBER 89 87 Species Common Name Pe
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NUMBER 89 89 NZA 797,1930,1934 Unco
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NUMBER 89 91 anoramphus spp.), Chat
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NUMBER 89 93 TABLE 2.—Land snails
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NUMBER 89 95 counterparts, with som
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NUMBER 89 population, if such exist
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NUMBER 89 99 FIGURE 11.—Skulls of
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NUMBER 89 101 FIGURE 13.—Lower ma
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NUMBER 89 the Chatham Island Pied O
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NUMBER 89 Locality 9, Western Maung
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NUMBER 89 107 yellowish sand (site
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NUMBER 89 109 ogy. Notornis, supple
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112 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO PA
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The Middle Pleistocene Avifauna of
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NUMBER 89 Accordi, B. 1962. La grot
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130 FIGURE 1.—Map showing locatio
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132 Cranium Mandibula Scapula Clavi
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Seabirds and Late Pleistocene Marin
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NUMBER 89 141 METHODS Only strictly
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NUMBER 89 143 FIGURE 2.—Area of s
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NUMBER 89 151 FIGURE 10.—Area of
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NUMBER 89 153 FIGURE 12.—Area of
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NUMBER 89 155 the period studied. T
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NUMBER 89 157 Walker, C.A., G.M. Wr
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164 Vl 620 M 570 £ 520 S 470f •
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166 birds, such as the two species
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170 cional Autonoma de Mexico, for
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174 ated with this specimen, see Mi
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The Fossil Record of Condors (Cicon
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NUMBER 89 179 FIGURE 2.—Geographi
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NUMBER 89 181 FIGURE 5.—Vulturida
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NUMBER 89 183 FIGURE 7.—Referred
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Two New Fossil Eagles from the Late
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NUMBER 89 187 TABLE 1.—Measuremen
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NUMBER 89 189 carpal trochlea relat
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NUMBER 89 191 FIGURE 4.—Holotypic
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NUMBER 89 193 We compared the parat
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NUMBER 89 195 FIGURE 6.—Distribut
Page 207 and 208: NUMBER 89 197 the Florida State Mus
Page 209 and 210: A New Genus of Dwarf Megapode (Gall
Page 211 and 212: NUMBER 89 201 lis hypotarsi along t
Page 213 and 214: NUMBER 89 203 The fossil is larger
Page 215 and 216: NUMBER 89 205 Clark, George A., Jr.
Page 217 and 218: A New Genus and Species of the Fami
Page 219 and 220: NUMBER 89 209 son with other known
Page 221 and 222: NUMBER 89 211 FIGURE 1.—Argornis
Page 223 and 224: NUMBER 89 213 AM AL AM AL AM AL AM
Page 225 and 226: NUMBER 89 215 caput humeri perpendi
Page 227 and 228: Selmes absurdipes, New Genus, New S
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Page 233 and 234: A Fossil Screamer (Anseriformes: An
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Page 237 and 238: NUMBER 89 227 B C D FIGURE 6.—The
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Page 241 and 242: The Anseriform Relationships of Ana
Page 243 and 244: NUMBER 89 233 Subfamily ANATALAVINA
Page 245 and 246: NUMBER 89 235 mal was found under t
Page 247 and 248: NUMBER 89 237 tion, with retroartic
Page 249 and 250: NUMBER 89 FIGURE 7.—Sternum and p
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Page 253: NUMBER 89 243 Eocene records of the
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Page 265 and 266: NUMBER 89 255 FIGURE 1.—Referred
Page 267 and 268: NUMBER 89 257 vical vertebrae of th
Page 269: NUMBER 89 259 (Olson and Parris, 19
Page 284 and 285: 274 America. Science, 214(4526): 12
Page 286 and 287: 276 concerning the amphicoelous str
Page 288 and 289: 278 ment of the radius that are con
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Page 294 and 295: 284 Kurochkin, E.N. 1982. [New Orde
Page 298 and 299: 288 Palaeontological Institute. [Sp
Page 300 and 301: 290 1991). In this paper we use a "
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NUMBER 89 299 would seem unlikely a
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Humeral Rotation and Wrist Supinati
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NUMBER 89 303 apparent. It is now c
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NUMBER 89 305 FIGURE 3.—Dorsal vi
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NUMBER 89 307 FIGURE 4.—Wing of t
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NUMBER 89 309 Jura-Museums, Eichsta
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Early Evolution of Birds: Roundtabl
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338 evolved independently twice." M
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1 i'~L ,i "^ 1 •vw* HBB!/'' . m
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