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226 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO PALEOBIOLOGY FIGURE 4.—Dorsal view of the left coracoid of Chaunoides antiquus, n. gen. n. sp., compared with those of living anhimids: A, Chauna torquata (HA 41); B, Chaunoides antiquus, n. gen. n. sp., holotype (MNRJ 4619-V); C, Chaunoides antiquus, n. gen. n. sp., paratype (MNRJ 4620-V); D, Anhima cornuta (HA 40). The fossil bones (B and c) are coated with ammonium chloride. (Scale bar= 1 cm.) FIGURE 5.—Coracoids of anhimids, in ventral view, showing variation: A, Chauna chavaria (USNM 347738); B, Chauna torquata (HA 389); C, Chauna torquata (HA 702); D, Chauna torquata (HA 41); E, Anhima cornuta (HA 902); F, Anhima cornuta (HA 40). Note the absence of a procoracoid foramen in A and B. (Scale bar= 1 cm.) (MNRJ 4630-V). There also are three unassociated segments of DESCRIPTION AND COMPARISONS.—The coracoid of Chau- distal, right tibiotarsi shafts (MNRJ 4626-V, MNRJ 4627-V, MNRJ4628-V). MEASUREMENTS OF PARATYPES.—See Table 1. ETYMOLOGY.—From the Latin antiquus, antique, old, ancient. DIAGNOSIS.—As for the monotypic genus. noides is proportionally more slender than in living anhimids, and the procoracoid process is located slightly more toward the shoulder than in living species of anhimids (see Figures 3-5). The distal end of the ulna has the carpal tuberosity less pronounced than in living anhimids, somewhat similar to Chauna chavaria (Figure 6). The distal end of the radius of Chaunoides
NUMBER 89 227 B C D FIGURE 6.—The distal end of left ulna, in distal view (left) and in anconal view (right), of Chaunoides antiquus, n. gen. n. sp., compared with other Anhimidae: A, Anhima cornuta (HA 902); B, Chauna torquata (HA 702); C, Chauna chavaria (USNM 347738); D, Chaunoides antiquus, n. gen. n. sp., (paratype, MNRJ 4632-V); E, Chaunoides antiquus, n. gen. n. sp. (paratype, MNRJ 4622-V). (Scale bar=l cm.) has a similar morphology to that in other anhimids, but, in contrast, there is no pneumatic foramen (Figure 7). The femur (Figure 8) is less robust than in Anhima and Chauna, with its neck longer and more similar to that in Anseranas and other anatids. Its distal end is similar to that of Anhima and Chauna, with a shallow patellar groove and a flat articular surface of the internal condyle. The prominent crista supracondylaris medialis, being in a posteromedial position, gives a square shape to the distal end of the femur in medial view. The tibiotarsus of Chaunoides has the distal end of the shaft slightly bowed toward the midline, and the internal condyle extends far mediad, as is generally the case in Anseriformes (Figure 9). The tendinal groove is not pneumatized, in contrast to that of extant anhimids, and its medial border is very pronounced and extends proximad to the middle of the FIGURE 7 (right).—The distal end of (A) right radius (paratype, MNRJ 4623-V), and (B) left radius (paratype, MNRJ 4624-V), of Chaunoides antiquus, n. gen. n. sp., in palmar view, compared with the left radius, also in palmar view, of other Anhimidae and Anatidae: C, Chauna chavaria (USNM 347738); D, Anhima cornuta (HA 902); E, Chauna torquata (HA 41); F, Anseranas semipalmata (HA 1201). (Scale bar=l cm.)
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SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO PALEOB
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ABSTRACT Olson, Storrs L., editor.
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EARLY WATERFOWL (ANSERIFORMES) AND
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v m SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO PA
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localities, all of them situated in
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Bone of Sus scrofa Linnaeus, introd
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duboisi are larger than the largest
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8 iver (1897) but afterward were tr
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10 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO PAL
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16 Cor. Hum. Uln. Cpm. Fern. Tbt. T
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20 sometatarsus are proportionally
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22 Cor. Hum. Uln. Cpm. Fern. Tbt. T
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26 Cor. Hum. Cpm. Fern. Tbt. Tmt. P
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34 ability in such a way that it ca
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42 2km SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO
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Site 13 Research Base ENTRANCE Lowe
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48 the last has unusually slender w
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50 Si 5 15i 10- 5- 20 J 15 I 10 f 5
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Comparison of Paleoecological Patte
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NUMBER 89 69 TABLE 1.—Vertebrate
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NUMBER 89 71 Mallorca, probably in
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NUMBER 89 Alcover, J.A. 1989. Les a
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The History of the Chatham Islands'
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NUMBER 89 87 Species Common Name Pe
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NUMBER 89 89 NZA 797,1930,1934 Unco
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NUMBER 89 91 anoramphus spp.), Chat
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NUMBER 89 93 TABLE 2.—Land snails
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NUMBER 89 95 counterparts, with som
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NUMBER 89 population, if such exist
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NUMBER 89 99 FIGURE 11.—Skulls of
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NUMBER 89 101 FIGURE 13.—Lower ma
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NUMBER 89 the Chatham Island Pied O
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NUMBER 89 Locality 9, Western Maung
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NUMBER 89 107 yellowish sand (site
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NUMBER 89 109 ogy. Notornis, supple
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112 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO PA
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The Middle Pleistocene Avifauna of
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NUMBER 89 Accordi, B. 1962. La grot
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130 FIGURE 1.—Map showing locatio
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132 Cranium Mandibula Scapula Clavi
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Seabirds and Late Pleistocene Marin
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NUMBER 89 141 METHODS Only strictly
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NUMBER 89 143 FIGURE 2.—Area of s
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NUMBER 89 151 FIGURE 10.—Area of
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NUMBER 89 153 FIGURE 12.—Area of
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NUMBER 89 155 the period studied. T
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NUMBER 89 157 Walker, C.A., G.M. Wr
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164 Vl 620 M 570 £ 520 S 470f •
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166 birds, such as the two species
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170 cional Autonoma de Mexico, for
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174 ated with this specimen, see Mi
Page 187 and 188: The Fossil Record of Condors (Cicon
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Page 193 and 194: NUMBER 89 183 FIGURE 7.—Referred
Page 195 and 196: Two New Fossil Eagles from the Late
Page 197 and 198: NUMBER 89 187 TABLE 1.—Measuremen
Page 199 and 200: NUMBER 89 189 carpal trochlea relat
Page 201 and 202: NUMBER 89 191 FIGURE 4.—Holotypic
Page 203 and 204: NUMBER 89 193 We compared the parat
Page 205 and 206: NUMBER 89 195 FIGURE 6.—Distribut
Page 207 and 208: NUMBER 89 197 the Florida State Mus
Page 209 and 210: A New Genus of Dwarf Megapode (Gall
Page 211 and 212: NUMBER 89 201 lis hypotarsi along t
Page 213 and 214: NUMBER 89 203 The fossil is larger
Page 215 and 216: NUMBER 89 205 Clark, George A., Jr.
Page 217 and 218: A New Genus and Species of the Fami
Page 219 and 220: NUMBER 89 209 son with other known
Page 221 and 222: NUMBER 89 211 FIGURE 1.—Argornis
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Page 225 and 226: NUMBER 89 215 caput humeri perpendi
Page 227 and 228: Selmes absurdipes, New Genus, New S
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Page 233 and 234: A Fossil Screamer (Anseriformes: An
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Page 239 and 240: NUMBER 89 229 FIGURE 9.—Right tib
Page 241 and 242: The Anseriform Relationships of Ana
Page 243 and 244: NUMBER 89 233 Subfamily ANATALAVINA
Page 245 and 246: NUMBER 89 235 mal was found under t
Page 247 and 248: NUMBER 89 237 tion, with retroartic
Page 249 and 250: NUMBER 89 FIGURE 7.—Sternum and p
Page 251 and 252: NUMBER 89 241 der. The bone is very
Page 253: NUMBER 89 243 Eocene records of the
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Page 267 and 268: NUMBER 89 257 vical vertebrae of th
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Page 284 and 285: 274 America. Science, 214(4526): 12
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276 concerning the amphicoelous str
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278 ment of the radius that are con
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280 The left coracoid is represente
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284 Kurochkin, E.N. 1982. [New Orde
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288 Palaeontological Institute. [Sp
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290 1991). In this paper we use a "
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Implantation and Replacement of Bir
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NUMBER 89 297 saurs (Figure 1E-G).
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NUMBER 89 299 would seem unlikely a
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Humeral Rotation and Wrist Supinati
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NUMBER 89 303 apparent. It is now c
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NUMBER 89 305 FIGURE 3.—Dorsal vi
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NUMBER 89 307 FIGURE 4.—Wing of t
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NUMBER 89 309 Jura-Museums, Eichsta
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Early Evolution of Birds: Roundtabl
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338 evolved independently twice." M
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1 i'~L ,i "^ 1 •vw* HBB!/'' . m
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