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216 Literature Cited Bannikov, Alexandre F. 1993. The Succession of the Tethys Fish Assemblages Exemplified by the Eocene Localities of the Southern Part of the former USSR. Kaupia: Darmstddter Beitrage zur Naturgeschichte, 2:241—246, 3 figures. Baumel, J.J., A.S. King, J.E. Breazile, H.E. Evans, and J.C. Vanden Berge, editors 1993. Handbook of Avian Anatomy: Nomina Anatomica Avium. Publications of the Nuttall Ornithological Club, 23: second edition, xxiv+779 pages. Cambridge, Massachusetts: Nutall Ornithological Club. Bock, Walter J., and Ch.R. Shear 1972. A Staining Method for Gross Dissection of Vertebrate Muscles. Anatomischer Anzeiger, 130:222-227. Cohn, Jean M.W. 1968. The Convergent Flight Mechanism of Swifts (Apodi) and Humming-birds (Trochili) (Aves). 201 pages, 21 figures, 13 tables. Doctoral dissertation, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan. Harrison, C.J.O. 1984. A Revision of the Fossil Swifts (Vertebrata, Aves, Suborder Apodi), with Description of Three New Genera and Two New Species. Mededelingen van de Werkgroep voor Tertiaire en Kwartaire Geologie, 21(4):157-177, 8 figures, 2 tables. Karhu, Alexandr A. 1988. [A New Apodiform Family from the Paleogene of Europe.] Paleontological Journal, 3:78-88, 6 figures, 2 plates. [In Russian.] 1992a. [Phylogenetic Relationships within the Order Apodiformes.] 285 pages, 33 figures, 2 plates. Candidate dissertation, Paleontological Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow. [In Russian.] 1992b. Morphological Divergence within the Order Apodiformes as Revealed by the Structure of the Humerus. In K.E. Campbell, editor, Papers in Avian Paleontology Honoring Pierce Brodkorb. Science Series, Natural History Museum of Los Angeles County, 36: 379-384, 6 figures. SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO PALEOBIOLOGY Lowe, Percy R. 1939. On the Systematic Position of the Swifts (Suborder Cypseli) and Humming-birds (Suborder Trochili), with Special Reference to Their Relation to the Order Passeriformes. Transactions of the Zoological Society of London, 24:307-348. Lucas, Frederic A. 1893. Swifts and Hummingbirds. Ibis, 5:365-371. Lydekker, Richard 1891. Catalogue of the Fossil Birds in the British Museum (Natural History). 368 pages, 75 figures. London: Taylor and Fransis. Mourer-Chauvire\ Cecile 1978. La poche a phosphate de Saint-Neboule (Lot) et sa faune de Vertebres du Ludien superieur; Oiseaux. Paleovertebrata, 8(2-4): 217-229, 1 figure, 2 plates. Peters, D.S. 1985. Ein neuer Segler aus der Grube Messel und seine Bedeutung fur den Status der Aegialornithidae (Aves: Apodiformes). Senckenbergiana Lethaea, 66(1/2): 143-164, 8 figures, 4 tables. Stegmann, B.K. 1965. [On Morphology of the Distal Parts of Avian Wing.] Zoological Journal, 44(3):423^*32. [In Russian.] 1970. [On Reduction of the Wing Musculature in the Process of Evolution in Aves.] Transactions of the Zoological Institute of the USSR Academy of Sciences, 47:249-261, 8 figures. [In Russian.] Wetmore, Alexander 1960. A Classification for the Birds of the World. Smithsonian Miscellaneous Collections, 139(11): 37 pages. Zusi, Richard L., and Gregory Dean Bentz 1982. Variation of a Muscle in Hummingbirds and Swifts and Its Systematic Implications. Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington, 95(2):412^120, 2 figures. 1984. Myology of the Purple-throated Carib (Eulampis jugularis) and Other Hummingbirds (Aves: Trochilidae). Smithsonian Contributions to Zoology, 385: 70 pages, 20 figures.
Selmes absurdipes, New Genus, New Species, a Sandcoleiform Bird from the Oil Shale of Messel (Germany, Middle Eocene) ABSTRACT Selmes absurdipes, new genus, new species, is established for two fossil specimens from Messel. The pamprodactyl foot, with unusually short toes and comparatively long tarsometatarsus and tibiotarsus, is the most characteristic feature of the new genus. Sandcoleiformes were not confined to North America and had a considerable morphological radiation. It might be appropriate to combine Sandcoleiformes and Coliiformes. Introduction Surprisingly, the great majority of fossil birds from the lake deposits of Grube Messel are land birds. Many of them are difficult to classify with extant taxa even on the ordinal level (Peters, 1991, 1992). Houde and Olson (1992) established the order Sandcoleiformes for a variety of species from the Eocene of North America. Some of these birds were previously assigned to various other higher taxa. Subsequently, an examination of several Messel birds revealed that the new order was not confined to North America. Two specimens of a supposed species of Sandcoleiformes from Messel are described herein. The anatomical terminology used is after Baumel et al. (1993) unless otherwise indicated. ACKNOWLEDGMENTS.—I am indebted to S. Rietschel, Landessammlungen fur Naturkunde, Karlsruhe, who kindly lent the paratype of Selmes absurdipes. I wish to thank Storrs Olson, Peter Houde, and an anonymous reviewer for their critical review of the manuscript. D. Stefan Peters D. Stefan Peters, Forschungsinstitut Senckenberg, Senckenberganlage 25, D-60325 Frankfurt am Main, Germany. 217 Systematics SANDCOLEIFORMES SANDCOLEIDAE REMARKS.—Placed within order and family by the following characters: apertura nasi ossea large and holorhinal; rostrum maxillae distal to the nostrils rather short; mandibula curved (ventrally concave, dorsally convex) and with a short symphysis; fenestrae mandibulae absent; furcula thin and lacking a hypocleideum; olecranon short and blunt; papillae remigiales absent; processus intermetacarpalis absent; os metacarpale majus and o. m. minus subequal in distal extent; the three proximal phalanges of digit IV very short; phalanges unguales large and with strong flexor tubercles. Selmes, new genus FIGURES 1-3 TYPE SPECIES.—Selmes absurdipes, new species, the only known species of the genus. ETYMOLOGY.—Anagram of Messel. Selmes should be treated as masculine in gender. DIAGNOSIS.—The new genus differs from all known sandcoleiform genera by the unique morphology of its hind limbs. The tarsometatarsus is rather slender and is markedly longer than the longest toe; its distal end is only slightly broadened, approaching the condition of Coliiformes. Not only the proximal phalanges of toe IV but also the proximal two phalanges of toe III and the proximal phalanx of toe II are extremely short. Toes III and IV are of almost equal length. The foot is pamprodactyl and possibly was facultatively anisodactyl. In addition, Selmes differs from Sandcoleus Houde and Olson, 1992, by having a comparatively shorter and thicker bill; it differs from Chascacocolius Houde and Olson, 1992, by having neither long processus retroarticulares mandibulae nor a marked epicondylus of humerus nor processus intermetacarpales.
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- Page 184 and 185: 174 ated with this specimen, see Mi
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- Page 221 and 222: NUMBER 89 211 FIGURE 1.—Argornis
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- Page 245 and 246: NUMBER 89 235 mal was found under t
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- Page 249 and 250: NUMBER 89 FIGURE 7.—Sternum and p
- Page 251 and 252: NUMBER 89 241 der. The bone is very
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- Page 265 and 266: NUMBER 89 255 FIGURE 1.—Referred
- Page 267 and 268: NUMBER 89 257 vical vertebrae of th
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216<br />
Literature Cited<br />
Bannikov, Alexandre F.<br />
1993. The Succession of the Tethys Fish Assemblages Exemplified by the<br />
Eocene <strong>Lo</strong>calities of the Southern Part of the former USSR. Kaupia:<br />
Darmstddter Beitrage zur Naturgeschichte, 2:241—246, 3 figures.<br />
Baumel, J.J., A.S. King, J.E. Breazile, H.E. Evans, and J.C. Vanden Berge,<br />
editors<br />
1993. Handbook of Avian Anatomy: Nomina Anatomica Avium. Publications<br />
of the Nuttall Ornithological Club, 23: second edition,<br />
xxiv+779 pages. Cambridge, Massachusetts: Nutall Ornithological<br />
Club.<br />
Bock, Walter J., and Ch.R. Shear<br />
1972. A Staining Method for Gross Dissection of Vertebrate Muscles.<br />
Anatomischer Anzeiger, 130:222-227.<br />
Cohn, Jean M.W.<br />
1968. The Convergent Flight Mechanism of Swifts (Apodi) and Humming-birds<br />
(Trochili) (Aves). 201 pages, 21 figures, 13 tables. Doctoral<br />
dissertation, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan.<br />
Harrison, C.J.O.<br />
1984. A Revision of the Fossil Swifts (Vertebrata, Aves, Suborder Apodi),<br />
with Description of Three New Genera and Two New Species. Mededelingen<br />
van de Werkgroep voor Tertiaire en Kwartaire Geologie,<br />
21(4):157-177, 8 figures, 2 tables.<br />
Karhu, Alexandr A.<br />
1988. [A New Apodiform Family from the Paleogene of Europe.] Paleontological<br />
Journal, 3:78-88, 6 figures, 2 plates. [In Russian.]<br />
1992a. [Phylogenetic Relationships within the Order Apodiformes.] 285<br />
pages, 33 figures, 2 plates. Candidate dissertation, Paleontological<br />
Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow. [In Russian.]<br />
1992b. Morphological Divergence within the Order Apodiformes as Revealed<br />
by the Structure of the Humerus. In K.E. Campbell, editor,<br />
Papers in Avian Paleontology Honoring Pierce Brodkorb. Science<br />
Series, Natural History Museum of <strong>Lo</strong>s Angeles County, 36:<br />
379-384, 6 figures.<br />
SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO PALEOBIOLOGY<br />
<strong>Lo</strong>we, Percy R.<br />
1939. On the Systematic Position of the Swifts (Suborder Cypseli) and<br />
Humming-birds (Suborder Trochili), with Special Reference to<br />
Their Relation to the Order Passeriformes. Transactions of the Zoological<br />
Society of <strong>Lo</strong>ndon, 24:307-348.<br />
Lucas, Frederic A.<br />
1893. Swifts and Hummingbirds. Ibis, 5:365-371.<br />
Lydekker, Richard<br />
1891. Catalogue of the Fossil Birds in the British Museum (Natural History).<br />
368 pages, 75 figures. <strong>Lo</strong>ndon: Taylor and Fransis.<br />
Mourer-Chauvire\ Cecile<br />
1978. La poche a phosphate de Saint-Neboule (<strong>Lo</strong>t) et sa faune de Vertebres<br />
du Ludien superieur; Oiseaux. Paleovertebrata, 8(2-4):<br />
217-229, 1 figure, 2 plates.<br />
Peters, D.S.<br />
1985. Ein neuer Segler aus der Grube Messel und seine Bedeutung fur den<br />
Status der Aegialornithidae (Aves: Apodiformes). Senckenbergiana<br />
Lethaea, 66(1/2): 143-164, 8 figures, 4 tables.<br />
Stegmann, B.K.<br />
1965. [On Morphology of the Distal Parts of Avian Wing.] Zoological<br />
Journal, 44(3):423^*32. [In Russian.]<br />
1970. [On Reduction of the Wing Musculature in the Process of Evolution<br />
in Aves.] Transactions of the Zoological Institute of the USSR Academy<br />
of Sciences, 47:249-261, 8 figures. [In Russian.]<br />
Wetmore, Alexander<br />
1960. A Classification for the Birds of the World. <strong>Smithsonian</strong> Miscellaneous<br />
Collections, 139(11): 37 pages.<br />
Zusi, Richard L., and Gregory Dean Bentz<br />
1982. Variation of a Muscle in Hummingbirds and Swifts and Its Systematic<br />
Implications. Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington,<br />
95(2):412^120, 2 figures.<br />
1984. Myology of the Purple-throated Carib (Eulampis jugularis) and<br />
Other Hummingbirds (Aves: Trochilidae). <strong>Smithsonian</strong> Contributions<br />
to Zoology, 385: 70 pages, 20 figures.
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