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212 FIGURE 2.—Elements of shoulder girdle and forelimb (A-P) ofArgornis caucasicus, new genus, new species (holotype, PIN 4425-18), and humerus (R) of Jungornis tesselatus. A-C, right coracoid in ventral (A), dorsal (B), and sternal (C) views; D, right clavicle with sternal part of left bone; E-G, right humerus in cranial (E), caudal (F), and dorsal (G) views; 1,H, proximal part of left humerus in caudal (H) and proximal (i) views; J,K, right ulna in cranial (J) and caudal (K) SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO PALEOBIOLOGY views; L,M, right radius in dorsal (L) and ventral (M) views; N, right carpometacarpus and phalanx of alular digit, dorsal view; O, right proximal phalanx of major digit and phalanx of minor digit, dorsal view; P, right distal phalanx of major digit, dorsal view; R, left humerus of Jungornis tesselatus (holotype, PIN 1413-208), caudal view (x5; specimens coated with ammonium chloride).
NUMBER 89 213 AM AL AM AL AM AL AM AM AL AM FIGURE 3.—Comparison of coracoid of Apodiformes: A, Aegialomis gallicus; B, Hemiprocne mystacea; C, Argornis caucasicus, new genus, new species; D, Jungornis tesselatus; E, Palescyvus escampensis; F, Apus apus; G, Archilochus colubris. AM=angulus medialis, AL=angulus lateralis. Arrows indicate proc. lateralis. Left side, dorsal view, standardized for comparison. (Scale-1 mm.) lis is not pronounced. The sulcus of M. humerotricipitis is wide and shallow. Ulna: The shaft is slender and straight. Both ends are relatively narrow. The olecranon is tapered, with a narrow base. The cotyla ventralis is shallow. The ridge separating the cotyla dorsalis and cotyla ventralis is low and smooth. The tuberculum bicipitale is located close to the distal border of the cotyla ventralis. There is a deep fossa for M. ulnometacarpalis ventralis on the caudoventral side of the proximal end. Radius: The shaft is thin and slightly bowed craniad. Both ends are relatively narrow. The tuberculum bicipitale adjoins the ventral border of the cotyla humeralis. Carpi ulnare: The proximal margin of the corpus is noticeably beveled, so that the proximal border of the facies articularis ulnaris lies much more distally than the base of the proc. muscularis. Carpometacarpus: The metacarpale majus is slender, slightly bowed craniad, and beveled ventrocaudally. The protuberantia metacarpalis projects dorsally, is proximodistally elongated, and is placed somewhat distad to the middle of the craniodorsal surface of the major metacarpal. A well-developed sulcus tendinosus begins just proximocaudally of the protuberantia metacarpalis and passes distad and somewhat caudad, where it widens into a clearly outlined and relatively deep depression on the dorsal side of the distal end of the major metacarpal. There is a pronounced tuberculum of M. extensor metacarpi ulnaris on the caudal margin of the major metacarpal just opposite the distal border of the proximal symphysis. The cranial margin of the labrum dorsale of the trochlea carpalis bears the impression of M. ulnometacarpalis ventralis. The caudal margin of the facies articularis digitalis major is deeply concave. The distal part of metacarpale minus is absent in the holotype; however, the facies articulares metacarpales of the proximal phalanx of the major digit and of the minor digit are on the same level in the holotype, which suggests that corresponding facies articulares digitales major and minor also should be level relative to the long axis of the carpometacarpus. Ossa digorum manus: The phalanx digiti alulae is damaged too badly to recognize any structural peculiarities. Two large oval fenestrae of the phalanx proximalis digiti majoris are separated by a dorsally pronounced, obliquely oriented pila transversa. There is a well-developed proc. distalis on the caudal margin. The caudal edge of the facies articularis metacarpalis forms a deep middle concavity. The phalanx distalis digiti majoris has a caudally enlarged proximal articulation and a caudally widened tip. The phalanx digiti minoris is narrow and tapering. It curves along the caudal margin of the proximal phalanx of the major digit and extends to the level of the distal margin of the proximal fenestra. The facies articularis metacarpalis of phalanx digiti minoris is placed relative to the long axis of the manus on the same level as the metacarpal facet of the proximal phalanx of the major digit. Forelimb Muscles: Tendencies of Transformation Among the living Apodiformes, the most generalized configuration of the forelimb muscles is found in the Hemiprocnidae. The completeness of their set of forelimb muscles reveals a relatively low level of specialization. Many of their muscles demonstrate a comparatively simple inner structure. In particular, unlike the true swifts and hummingbirds, the crested swifts
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»'' § "S^ iFjwtM . •- .m-i Avia
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SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO PALEOB
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ABSTRACT Olson, Storrs L., editor.
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EARLY WATERFOWL (ANSERIFORMES) AND
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v m SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO PA
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localities, all of them situated in
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Bone of Sus scrofa Linnaeus, introd
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duboisi are larger than the largest
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8 iver (1897) but afterward were tr
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10 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO PAL
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16 Cor. Hum. Uln. Cpm. Fern. Tbt. T
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20 sometatarsus are proportionally
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22 Cor. Hum. Uln. Cpm. Fern. Tbt. T
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26 Cor. Hum. Cpm. Fern. Tbt. Tmt. P
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34 ability in such a way that it ca
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42 2km SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO
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Site 13 Research Base ENTRANCE Lowe
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48 the last has unusually slender w
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50 Si 5 15i 10- 5- 20 J 15 I 10 f 5
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Comparison of Paleoecological Patte
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NUMBER 89 69 TABLE 1.—Vertebrate
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NUMBER 89 71 Mallorca, probably in
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NUMBER 89 Alcover, J.A. 1989. Les a
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The History of the Chatham Islands'
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NUMBER 89 87 Species Common Name Pe
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NUMBER 89 89 NZA 797,1930,1934 Unco
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NUMBER 89 91 anoramphus spp.), Chat
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NUMBER 89 93 TABLE 2.—Land snails
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NUMBER 89 95 counterparts, with som
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NUMBER 89 population, if such exist
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NUMBER 89 99 FIGURE 11.—Skulls of
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NUMBER 89 101 FIGURE 13.—Lower ma
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NUMBER 89 the Chatham Island Pied O
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NUMBER 89 Locality 9, Western Maung
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NUMBER 89 107 yellowish sand (site
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NUMBER 89 109 ogy. Notornis, supple
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112 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO PA
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The Middle Pleistocene Avifauna of
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NUMBER 89 Accordi, B. 1962. La grot
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130 FIGURE 1.—Map showing locatio
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132 Cranium Mandibula Scapula Clavi
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Seabirds and Late Pleistocene Marin
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NUMBER 89 141 METHODS Only strictly
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NUMBER 89 143 FIGURE 2.—Area of s
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NUMBER 89 151 FIGURE 10.—Area of
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NUMBER 89 153 FIGURE 12.—Area of
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NUMBER 89 155 the period studied. T
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NUMBER 89 157 Walker, C.A., G.M. Wr
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Page 172 and 173: 162 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO PA
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Page 187 and 188: The Fossil Record of Condors (Cicon
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Page 193 and 194: NUMBER 89 183 FIGURE 7.—Referred
Page 195 and 196: Two New Fossil Eagles from the Late
Page 197 and 198: NUMBER 89 187 TABLE 1.—Measuremen
Page 199 and 200: NUMBER 89 189 carpal trochlea relat
Page 201 and 202: NUMBER 89 191 FIGURE 4.—Holotypic
Page 203 and 204: NUMBER 89 193 We compared the parat
Page 205 and 206: NUMBER 89 195 FIGURE 6.—Distribut
Page 207 and 208: NUMBER 89 197 the Florida State Mus
Page 209 and 210: A New Genus of Dwarf Megapode (Gall
Page 211 and 212: NUMBER 89 201 lis hypotarsi along t
Page 213 and 214: NUMBER 89 203 The fossil is larger
Page 215 and 216: NUMBER 89 205 Clark, George A., Jr.
Page 217 and 218: A New Genus and Species of the Fami
Page 219 and 220: NUMBER 89 209 son with other known
Page 221: NUMBER 89 211 FIGURE 1.—Argornis
Page 225 and 226: NUMBER 89 215 caput humeri perpendi
Page 227 and 228: Selmes absurdipes, New Genus, New S
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Page 231 and 232: NUMBER 89 221 Costae: Deformed frag
Page 233 and 234: A Fossil Screamer (Anseriformes: An
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Page 237 and 238: NUMBER 89 227 B C D FIGURE 6.—The
Page 239 and 240: NUMBER 89 229 FIGURE 9.—Right tib
Page 241 and 242: The Anseriform Relationships of Ana
Page 243 and 244: NUMBER 89 233 Subfamily ANATALAVINA
Page 245 and 246: NUMBER 89 235 mal was found under t
Page 247 and 248: NUMBER 89 237 tion, with retroartic
Page 249 and 250: NUMBER 89 FIGURE 7.—Sternum and p
Page 251 and 252: NUMBER 89 241 der. The bone is very
Page 253: NUMBER 89 243 Eocene records of the
Page 263 and 264: Presbyornis isoni and Other Late Pa
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Page 267 and 268: NUMBER 89 257 vical vertebrae of th
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274 America. Science, 214(4526): 12
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276 concerning the amphicoelous str
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278 ment of the radius that are con
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280 The left coracoid is represente
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284 Kurochkin, E.N. 1982. [New Orde
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288 Palaeontological Institute. [Sp
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290 1991). In this paper we use a "
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Implantation and Replacement of Bir
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NUMBER 89 297 saurs (Figure 1E-G).
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NUMBER 89 299 would seem unlikely a
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Humeral Rotation and Wrist Supinati
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NUMBER 89 303 apparent. It is now c
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NUMBER 89 305 FIGURE 3.—Dorsal vi
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NUMBER 89 307 FIGURE 4.—Wing of t
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NUMBER 89 309 Jura-Museums, Eichsta
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Early Evolution of Birds: Roundtabl
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338 evolved independently twice." M
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1 i'~L ,i "^ 1 •vw* HBB!/'' . m
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