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150 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO PALEOBIOLOGY FIGURE 9.—Area of sympatry of seabirds from Blomvag, Norway (Fulmarus glacialis, Puffinus puffinus, Somateria mollissima, Rissa tridactyla, Alca torda, Uria aalge, U. lomvia, Cepphus grylle, Pinguinus impennis). (•=fossil site.) have been quite close to Blomvag. Indeed, the site was temporarily overrun by the ice at some time after deposition of the fauna but before the Dryas 3 stadial. The fauna in layer B at Skjonghelleren in Sunnmore, Norway, is C14-dated to either the end of the Allerod interstadial or the Dryas 3 stadial (11,510± 190-10,360± 170 yrs. BP) (Larsen, 1984; Larsen et al., 1987). The fauna consists of Somateria mollissima, Alle alle, Uria sp., Cepphus grylle, and Fratercula arctica. Unfortunately, this is not a very informative set of taxa and only indicates boreal or low arctic conditions, which might fit either a cool late phase of Allerod or the early part of the Dryas 3 stadial. There also is a fauna from Scotland that cannot be dated with any precision but is most likely from the late glacial. This is the fauna from layer 5 in Creag Nan Uamh cave, which has been considered to be either very late Pleistocene or earliest Ho-
NUMBER 89 151 FIGURE 10.—Area of sympatry of seabirds from Creag Nan Uamh, Scotland (Somateria mollissima, Alle alle). (•=fossil site.) locene (Stuart, 1983). It contains Somateria mollissima and Alle central Mediterranean even during this final cold snap of the alle and indicates conditions similar to or slightly colder than at Pleistocene (Figure 11). present (Figure 10). Other faunal elements from the site, such as There are a few more Mediterranean faunas that are either Rangifer tarandus (Linnaeus), support this conclusion. late glacial or early Holocene: Gorham's Cave, Gibraltar, lay The fauna from layer C in Grotta Romanelli in Apulia, Italy ers A2 {Phalacrocorax aristotelis, Fratercula arctica) and B1 {Puffinus spp., Phalacrocorax aristotelis, Rissa tridactyla, Pin {Puffinus puffinus, Fratercula arctica); Cueva de Nerja, Spain, guinus impennis), which is securely dated to the middle part of epipaleolithic (EP) layers {Calonectris diomedea, Puffinus gri Dryas 3, has been published only in part (Cassoli et al., 1979), seus, Phalacrocorax aristotelis, Morus bassanus, Catharacta but it indicates that cool "Atlantic" conditions prevailed in the skua, Uria aalge, Pinguinus impennis) dated to 13,350-8770
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»'' § "S^ iFjwtM . •- .m-i Avia
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SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO PALEOB
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ABSTRACT Olson, Storrs L., editor.
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EARLY WATERFOWL (ANSERIFORMES) AND
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v m SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO PA
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localities, all of them situated in
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Bone of Sus scrofa Linnaeus, introd
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duboisi are larger than the largest
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8 iver (1897) but afterward were tr
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10 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO PAL
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16 Cor. Hum. Uln. Cpm. Fern. Tbt. T
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20 sometatarsus are proportionally
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22 Cor. Hum. Uln. Cpm. Fern. Tbt. T
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26 Cor. Hum. Cpm. Fern. Tbt. Tmt. P
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34 ability in such a way that it ca
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42 2km SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO
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Site 13 Research Base ENTRANCE Lowe
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48 the last has unusually slender w
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50 Si 5 15i 10- 5- 20 J 15 I 10 f 5
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Comparison of Paleoecological Patte
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NUMBER 89 69 TABLE 1.—Vertebrate
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NUMBER 89 71 Mallorca, probably in
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NUMBER 89 Alcover, J.A. 1989. Les a
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The History of the Chatham Islands'
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NUMBER 89 87 Species Common Name Pe
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NUMBER 89 89 NZA 797,1930,1934 Unco
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NUMBER 89 91 anoramphus spp.), Chat
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NUMBER 89 93 TABLE 2.—Land snails
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NUMBER 89 95 counterparts, with som
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NUMBER 89 population, if such exist
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Page 111 and 112: NUMBER 89 101 FIGURE 13.—Lower ma
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Page 115 and 116: NUMBER 89 Locality 9, Western Maung
Page 117 and 118: NUMBER 89 107 yellowish sand (site
Page 119: NUMBER 89 109 ogy. Notornis, supple
Page 122 and 123: 112 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO PA
Page 135 and 136: The Middle Pleistocene Avifauna of
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Page 142 and 143: 132 Cranium Mandibula Scapula Clavi
Page 149 and 150: Seabirds and Late Pleistocene Marin
Page 151 and 152: NUMBER 89 141 METHODS Only strictly
Page 153 and 154: NUMBER 89 143 FIGURE 2.—Area of s
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Page 163 and 164: NUMBER 89 153 FIGURE 12.—Area of
Page 165 and 166: NUMBER 89 155 the period studied. T
Page 167: NUMBER 89 157 Walker, C.A., G.M. Wr
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Page 180 and 181: 170 cional Autonoma de Mexico, for
Page 184 and 185: 174 ated with this specimen, see Mi
Page 187 and 188: The Fossil Record of Condors (Cicon
Page 189 and 190: NUMBER 89 179 FIGURE 2.—Geographi
Page 191 and 192: NUMBER 89 181 FIGURE 5.—Vulturida
Page 193 and 194: NUMBER 89 183 FIGURE 7.—Referred
Page 195 and 196: Two New Fossil Eagles from the Late
Page 197 and 198: NUMBER 89 187 TABLE 1.—Measuremen
Page 199 and 200: NUMBER 89 189 carpal trochlea relat
Page 201 and 202: NUMBER 89 191 FIGURE 4.—Holotypic
Page 203 and 204: NUMBER 89 193 We compared the parat
Page 205 and 206: NUMBER 89 195 FIGURE 6.—Distribut
Page 207 and 208: NUMBER 89 197 the Florida State Mus
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NUMBER 89 201 lis hypotarsi along t
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NUMBER 89 203 The fossil is larger
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NUMBER 89 205 Clark, George A., Jr.
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A New Genus and Species of the Fami
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NUMBER 89 209 son with other known
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NUMBER 89 211 FIGURE 1.—Argornis
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NUMBER 89 213 AM AL AM AL AM AL AM
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NUMBER 89 215 caput humeri perpendi
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Selmes absurdipes, New Genus, New S
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NUMBER 89 219 FIGURE 2.—Selmes ab
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NUMBER 89 221 Costae: Deformed frag
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A Fossil Screamer (Anseriformes: An
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NUMBER 89 FIGURE 3.—Chaunoides an
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NUMBER 89 227 B C D FIGURE 6.—The
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NUMBER 89 229 FIGURE 9.—Right tib
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The Anseriform Relationships of Ana
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NUMBER 89 233 Subfamily ANATALAVINA
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NUMBER 89 235 mal was found under t
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NUMBER 89 237 tion, with retroartic
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NUMBER 89 FIGURE 7.—Sternum and p
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NUMBER 89 241 der. The bone is very
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NUMBER 89 243 Eocene records of the
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246 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO PA
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Presbyornis isoni and Other Late Pa
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NUMBER 89 255 FIGURE 1.—Referred
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NUMBER 89 257 vical vertebrae of th
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NUMBER 89 259 (Olson and Parris, 19
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274 America. Science, 214(4526): 12
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276 concerning the amphicoelous str
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278 ment of the radius that are con
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280 The left coracoid is represente
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284 Kurochkin, E.N. 1982. [New Orde
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288 Palaeontological Institute. [Sp
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290 1991). In this paper we use a "
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Implantation and Replacement of Bir
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NUMBER 89 297 saurs (Figure 1E-G).
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NUMBER 89 299 would seem unlikely a
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Humeral Rotation and Wrist Supinati
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NUMBER 89 303 apparent. It is now c
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NUMBER 89 305 FIGURE 3.—Dorsal vi
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NUMBER 89 307 FIGURE 4.—Wing of t
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NUMBER 89 309 Jura-Museums, Eichsta
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Early Evolution of Birds: Roundtabl
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338 evolved independently twice." M
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1 i'~L ,i "^ 1 •vw* HBB!/'' . m
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