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146 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO PALEOBIOLOGY
FIGURE 5.—Area of sympatry of seabirds from Figueira Brava, Portugal, and Archi, Italy (Morus bassanus, Pinguinus
impennis). (•= fossil sites.)
nus impennis, which yields the same area of sympatry as Gruta
de Figueira Brava (Figure 5). This similarity in a fauna from
the central Mediterranean is probably due to a somewhat colder
climate at the time when the Archi fauna was deposited.
THE LATE WEICHSELIAN PLENIGLACIAL.—Unfortunately,
there are few sites that can be assigned to the glacial maximum,
ca. 25,000-15,000 yrs. BP, probably both because this was the
period of maximum eustatic lowering of the sea and because
deposition of organic material virtually ceased over large areas
during the coldest intervals. The only site that definitely falls
within this interval is Arene Candide on the Italian Riviera.
This site is very close to the sea today, and because the coast is
quite steep, the sea was only ~3 km distant even during the glacial
maximum. The layers P4, P5, P7, and P9 at this site (the
only ones to contain two or more species of seabirds) are all
older than 18,500 yrs. BP but are probably younger than
25,000 yrs. BP (Bietti, 1987). The seabirds in these layers include
Calonectris diomedea (P7), Puffinus puffinus (P5), Pha-