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144 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO PALEOBIOLOGY FIGURE 3.—Area of sympatry of seabirds from Gorham's Cave, Spain, layer K (Phalacrocorax aristotelis, Alle alle, Pinguinus impennis). (• = fossil site.) 30,000 yrs. BP) (Larsen, 1984; Larsen et al., 1987). This has a rich seabird fauna including Fulmarus glacialis, Rissa tridactyla, Pagophila eburnea, Alle alle, Uria aalge, Uria lomvia, Cepphus grylle, and Fratercula arctica. The site is a sea cave without any trace of human presence, and the fauna likely samples mostly species breeding in the vicinity. This is the only fauna containing truly arctic taxa, and the area of sympatry is a rather narrow area stretching from the seas north of Iceland to the west coast of Spitzbergen plus the waters off Northwest Novaya Zemlya (Figure 4). The areas of "best fit" with regard to breeding birds are Jan Mayen, Bear Island, Prince Charles' Foreland (all three with all species except Pagophila eburnea), and southern Spitzbergen (all species except Uria aalge). The presence of Fratercula arctica and Uria aalge as well as some nonavian taxa (e.g., Lutra lutra (Linnaeus), Pollachius virens (Linnaeus), Brosmius brosme (Ascanius)), however, indicates that water from the North Atlantic Current must have penetrated the Norwegian Sea for at least part of the Alesund interstadial.
NUMBER 89 145 FIGURE 4.—Area of sympatry of seabirds from Skjonghelleren, Norway, layer G (Fulmarus glacialis, Rissa tridactyla, Pagophila eburnea, Alle alle, Uria aalge, Uria lomvia, Cepphus grylle, Fratercula arctica). (• = fossil site.) Within the rather wide margins of C14-dating, another fauna coeval with the Skjonghelleren fauna is that from the Gruta de Figueira Brava in Portugal. This is one of the youngest Mousterian sites known and has been C14-dated to 30,930±700 yrs. BP (Mourer-Chauvire and Antunes, 1991). The fauna includes Puffinus holei, Morus bassanus, and Pinguinus impennis. The distribution of Puffinus holei outside the breeding season is unknown, but the area of sympatry of the other two species are shown in Figure 5. Clearly this is a boreal fauna and suggests conditions approximating those found around the British Isles today. This is supported by the other seabirds found at the site {Gavia stellata, Melanitta nigra, Melanitta fusca, Clangula hy emails). A third site from this time interval is Archi in Calabria, Italy. This can probably be dated to ca. 40,000 yrs. BP (Cassoli and Segre, 1985). The fauna includes Morus bassanus and Pingui-
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»'' § "S^ iFjwtM . •- .m-i Avia
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SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO PALEOB
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ABSTRACT Olson, Storrs L., editor.
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EARLY WATERFOWL (ANSERIFORMES) AND
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v m SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO PA
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localities, all of them situated in
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Bone of Sus scrofa Linnaeus, introd
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duboisi are larger than the largest
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8 iver (1897) but afterward were tr
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10 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO PAL
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16 Cor. Hum. Uln. Cpm. Fern. Tbt. T
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20 sometatarsus are proportionally
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22 Cor. Hum. Uln. Cpm. Fern. Tbt. T
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26 Cor. Hum. Cpm. Fern. Tbt. Tmt. P
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34 ability in such a way that it ca
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42 2km SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO
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Site 13 Research Base ENTRANCE Lowe
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48 the last has unusually slender w
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50 Si 5 15i 10- 5- 20 J 15 I 10 f 5
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Comparison of Paleoecological Patte
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NUMBER 89 69 TABLE 1.—Vertebrate
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NUMBER 89 71 Mallorca, probably in
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NUMBER 89 Alcover, J.A. 1989. Les a
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The History of the Chatham Islands'
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NUMBER 89 87 Species Common Name Pe
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NUMBER 89 89 NZA 797,1930,1934 Unco
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NUMBER 89 91 anoramphus spp.), Chat
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Page 109 and 110: NUMBER 89 99 FIGURE 11.—Skulls of
Page 111 and 112: NUMBER 89 101 FIGURE 13.—Lower ma
Page 113 and 114: NUMBER 89 the Chatham Island Pied O
Page 115 and 116: NUMBER 89 Locality 9, Western Maung
Page 117 and 118: NUMBER 89 107 yellowish sand (site
Page 119: NUMBER 89 109 ogy. Notornis, supple
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Page 135 and 136: The Middle Pleistocene Avifauna of
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Page 142 and 143: 132 Cranium Mandibula Scapula Clavi
Page 149 and 150: Seabirds and Late Pleistocene Marin
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Page 159 and 160: NUMBER 89 149 FIGURE 8.—Area of s
Page 161 and 162: NUMBER 89 151 FIGURE 10.—Area of
Page 163 and 164: NUMBER 89 153 FIGURE 12.—Area of
Page 165 and 166: NUMBER 89 155 the period studied. T
Page 167: NUMBER 89 157 Walker, C.A., G.M. Wr
Page 174 and 175: 164 Vl 620 M 570 £ 520 S 470f •
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Page 184 and 185: 174 ated with this specimen, see Mi
Page 187 and 188: The Fossil Record of Condors (Cicon
Page 189 and 190: NUMBER 89 179 FIGURE 2.—Geographi
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Page 193 and 194: NUMBER 89 183 FIGURE 7.—Referred
Page 195 and 196: Two New Fossil Eagles from the Late
Page 197 and 198: NUMBER 89 187 TABLE 1.—Measuremen
Page 199 and 200: NUMBER 89 189 carpal trochlea relat
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Page 203 and 204: NUMBER 89 193 We compared the parat
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NUMBER 89 195 FIGURE 6.—Distribut
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NUMBER 89 197 the Florida State Mus
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A New Genus of Dwarf Megapode (Gall
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NUMBER 89 201 lis hypotarsi along t
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NUMBER 89 203 The fossil is larger
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NUMBER 89 205 Clark, George A., Jr.
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A New Genus and Species of the Fami
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NUMBER 89 209 son with other known
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NUMBER 89 211 FIGURE 1.—Argornis
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NUMBER 89 213 AM AL AM AL AM AL AM
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NUMBER 89 215 caput humeri perpendi
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Selmes absurdipes, New Genus, New S
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NUMBER 89 219 FIGURE 2.—Selmes ab
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NUMBER 89 221 Costae: Deformed frag
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A Fossil Screamer (Anseriformes: An
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NUMBER 89 FIGURE 3.—Chaunoides an
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NUMBER 89 227 B C D FIGURE 6.—The
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NUMBER 89 229 FIGURE 9.—Right tib
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The Anseriform Relationships of Ana
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NUMBER 89 233 Subfamily ANATALAVINA
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NUMBER 89 235 mal was found under t
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NUMBER 89 237 tion, with retroartic
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NUMBER 89 FIGURE 7.—Sternum and p
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NUMBER 89 241 der. The bone is very
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NUMBER 89 243 Eocene records of the
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246 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO PA
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Presbyornis isoni and Other Late Pa
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NUMBER 89 255 FIGURE 1.—Referred
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NUMBER 89 257 vical vertebrae of th
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NUMBER 89 259 (Olson and Parris, 19
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274 America. Science, 214(4526): 12
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276 concerning the amphicoelous str
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278 ment of the radius that are con
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280 The left coracoid is represente
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284 Kurochkin, E.N. 1982. [New Orde
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288 Palaeontological Institute. [Sp
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290 1991). In this paper we use a "
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Implantation and Replacement of Bir
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NUMBER 89 297 saurs (Figure 1E-G).
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NUMBER 89 299 would seem unlikely a
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Humeral Rotation and Wrist Supinati
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NUMBER 89 303 apparent. It is now c
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NUMBER 89 305 FIGURE 3.—Dorsal vi
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NUMBER 89 307 FIGURE 4.—Wing of t
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NUMBER 89 309 Jura-Museums, Eichsta
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Early Evolution of Birds: Roundtabl
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338 evolved independently twice." M
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1 i'~L ,i "^ 1 •vw* HBB!/'' . m
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