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142 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO PALEOBIOLOGY<br />
TABLE 2.—Composition of late Pleistocene seabird faunas. \=Fulmarus glacialis, 2=Puffinus puffinus, 3=Puffinus holei,<br />
4=Puffinus gravis, 5=Puffmus griseus, 6=Puffmus spp., 1=Calonectris diomedea, %=Hydrobates pelagicus, 9=Phalacrocorax<br />
aristotelis, 10= Morus bassanus, \\=Somateria mollissima, \2=Catharactaskua, \3=Rissa tridactyla, \4=Pagophila eburnea,<br />
\5=Alle alle, \6=Uria aalge, \l=Uria lomvia, \8=Uria sp., \9=Cepphus grylle, 20=Alca torda, 2\=Pinguinus impennis,<br />
22=Fratercula arctica.<br />
Site<br />
Cyprus<br />
Akrotiri Aetokremnos<br />
Italy<br />
Archi<br />
Arene Candide<br />
Buca del Bersaglieri<br />
Cala Genovesi a Levanzo<br />
Grotta Pietro Tampoia<br />
Grotta Romanelli<br />
Grotta dei Fanciulli<br />
Norway<br />
Blomvag<br />
Skjonghelleren<br />
Portugal<br />
Grotte de Fuminha<br />
Gruta de Figueira Brava<br />
Spain<br />
Cova den Jaume Orat<br />
Cova Nova<br />
Cueva de Nerja<br />
Devil's Tower<br />
Es Pouas<br />
Gorham's Cave<br />
Great Britain<br />
Bacon Hole<br />
Creag Nan Uamh<br />
Paviland Cave<br />
Potter's Cave<br />
Layer<br />
P9<br />
P7<br />
P5<br />
P4<br />
1. 2 t. 4<br />
1. 2 t. 3<br />
C<br />
A6<br />
EP<br />
UP<br />
UP/EP<br />
A2<br />
Bl<br />
K<br />
D-F<br />
5<br />
DATED FAUNAS<br />
2<br />
X<br />
X<br />
X<br />
X<br />
X<br />
3 4 5 6 7<br />
EEMIAN INTERGLACIAL.—Only one site can be confidently<br />
assigned to the last interglacial (Eemian/Ipswichian sensu stricto,<br />
i.e., oxygen isotope stage (IS) 5e), Bacon Hole on the Gower<br />
Peninsula in Southwest Wales. Layers D-F at this site,<br />
which have been U/Th dated to 122±9 kilo annum (Ka) BP<br />
(Stringer et al., 1986), contain a temperate avifauna, including<br />
Calonectris diomedea and Alca torda (Harrison, 1977, 1987).<br />
The current area of sympatry of these two species is situated in<br />
an area stretching from the waters southwest of the British Isles<br />
to the western Mediterranean (Figure 2). There is no sympatric<br />
breeding of these two species today, but this might be due to<br />
the absence of suitable breeding sites for seabirds between<br />
Bretagne and Northwest Spain. The occurrence of these two<br />
species in Wales supports evidence from other sources (e.g.,<br />
X<br />
X<br />
X<br />
8 9<br />
X<br />
X<br />
X<br />
10 11<br />
X<br />
12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22<br />
X X X<br />
X<br />
X X<br />
X X<br />
Mclntyre et al., 1972; Ruddiman and Mclntyre, 1976) that the<br />
Northeast Atlantic was somewhat warmer during the Eemian<br />
than during the present interglacial.<br />
THE EARLY WEICHSELIAN.—This is a climatically complex<br />
interval comprising two moderately cold stadials (IS 5b and IS<br />
5d) and two interstadials of nearly interglacial magnitude (ISs<br />
5a and 5c). The character of these interstadials was different in<br />
southern and northern Europe. In the south, IS 5a was, if anything,<br />
warmer than the earlier IS 5c, whereas in Scandinavia<br />
the opposite was the case (e.g., Mangerud, 1991). The extent of<br />
glaciation during the stadials is uncertain, but in Scandinavia it<br />
seems to have been mainly restricted to the mountains except<br />
in the far north. No fauna can be definitely assigned to this period,<br />
but it is possible that the fauna from Grotte de Furninha,<br />
Portugal (Tables 1, 2), for example, belongs here.<br />
X