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122 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO PALEOBIOLOGY Alroy, J. MS. Non-individualistic Dynamics in Late Quaternary Mammalian Faunas. Anderson, A. 1989. Prodigious Birds: Moas and Moa-Hunting in New Zealand. 238 pages. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. 1991. The Chronology of Colonization in New Zealand. Antiquity, 65:765-795. Atkinson, I.A.E., and PR. Millener 1991. An Ornithological Glimpse into New Zealand's Pre-human Past. Acta XX Congressus Internationalis Ornithologici, 1:127-192. Wellington: New Zealand Ornithological Congress Trust Board. Bell, B.D. 1991. Recent Avifaunal Changes and the History of Ornithology in New Zealand. Acta XX Congressus Internationalis Ornithologici, 1: 195-230. Wellington: New Zealand Ornithological Congress Trust Board. Cassels, R. 1984. The Role of Prehistoric Man in the Faunal Extinctions of New Zealand and Other Pacific Islands. In P.S. Martin and R.G. Klein, editors, Quaternary Extinctions: A Prehistoric Revolution, pages 741-767. Tuscon: University of Arizona Press. Fleming, CA. 1979. 77ie Geological History of New Zealand and Its Life. 141 pages. Auckland, New Zealand: Auckland University Press. Graham, R.W. 1985. Diversity and Community Structure of the Late Pleistocene Mammal Fauna of North America. Acta Zoologica Fennica, 170: 181-192. 1986. Plant-Animal Interactions and Pleistocene Extinctions. In D.K. Elliott, editor, Dynamics of Extinction, pages 131-154. New York: John Wiley and Sons, Inc. 1987. Late Quaternary Mammalian Faunas and Paleoenvironments of the Southwestern Plains of the United States. In R.W. Graham, H.A. Semken, Jr., and M.A. Graham, editors, Late Quaternary Mammalian Biogeography of the Great Plains and Prairies. Scientific Papers (Illinois State Museum), 22:24-86. Springfield: Illinois State Museum. 1992. Late Pleistocene Faunal Changes as a Guide to Understanding Effects of Greenhouse Warming on the Mammalian Fauna of North America. In R.L. Peters and T.E. Lovejoy, editors, Global Warming and Biological Diversity, pages 76-87. New Haven: Yale University Press. 1993. Processes of Time-Averaging in the Terrestrial Vertebrate Record. In S.M. Kidwell and A.K. Behrensmeyer, editors, Taphonomic Approaches to Time Resolution in Fossil Assemblages. Short Courses in Paleontology, 6:102-124. Knoxville: Department of Geological Sciences, University of Tennessee. Graham, R.W., and E.C. Grimm 1990. Effects of Global Climatic Change on the Patterns of Terrestrial Biological Communities. Tree, 5(9):289-292. Graham, R.W., and E.L. Lundelius, Jr. 1984. Coevolutionary Disequilibrium and Pleistocene Extinctions. In P.S. Martin and R.G. Klein, editors, Quaternary Extinctions—A Prehistoric Revolution, pages 223-249. Tuscon: University of Arizona Press. Holdaway, R.N. 1989. New Zealand's Prehuman Avifauna and Its Vulnerability. In M.R. Rudge, editor, Moas, Mammals and Climate in the Geological History of New Zealand. New Zealand Journal of Ecology, supplement, 12:11-25. Literature Cited Holdaway, R.N., and T.H. Worthy 1996. Diet and Biology of the Laughing Owl Sceloglaux albifacies (Aves: Strigidae) on Takaka Hill, Nelson, New Zealand. Journal of Zoology, London, 239:545-572. King, CM. 1984. Immigrant Killers: Introduced Predators and the Conservation of Birds in New Zealand. 224 pages. Auckland: Oxford University Press. Lundelius, E.L., Jr. 1983. Climatic Implications of Late Pleistocene and Holocene Faunal Associations in Australia. Alcheringa, 7:125-149. Mabin, M.CG. 1983. Late Otiran Sedimentation and Glacial Chronology in the Warwick Valley, Southeast Nelson. New Zealand Journal of Geology and Geophysics, 26:189-195. Martin, PS., and R.G. Klein, editors 1984. Quaternary Extinctions: A Prehistoric Revolution, x + 892 pages. Tuscon: University of Arizona Press. McGlone, M.S. 1985. Plant Biogeography and the Late Cenozoic History of New Zealand. New Zealand Journal of Botany, 23(4):723-749. 1988. New Zealand. In B. Huntley, and T. Webb III, editors, Vegetation History, pages 557-599. Amsterdam: Kluwer Academic Publishers. McGlone, M.S., A.F. Mark, and D. Bell 1995. Late Pleistocene and Holocene Vegetation History, Central Otago, South Island, New Zealand. Journal of the Royal Society of New Zealand. 25(1): 1-22. Mildenhall, D.C. 1995. Pleistocene Palynology of the Petone and Seaview Drillholes, Petone, Lower Hurt Valley, North Island, New Zealand. Journal of the Royal Society of New Zealand, 25(2):207-262. Millener, PR. 1990. Evolution, Extinction and the Subfossil Record of New Zealand's Avifauna. In B.J. Gill and B.D. Heather, editors, A Flying Start. Notornis, supplement, 37:93-100. Murray, P. 1991. The Pleistocene Megafauna of Australia. In P.V. Rich, J.M. Monaghan, R.F. Baird, and T.H. Rich, editors, Vertebrate Palaeontology of Australasia, pages 1071-1164. Victoria: Pioneer Design Studio Pty. Ltd., in association with Monash University, Melbourne. Nelson, C.S., P.J. Cooke, C.H. Hendy, and A.M. Cuthbertson 1993. Oceanographic and Climate Changes over the Past 160,000 Years at Deep Sea Drilling Project Site 594 off Southeastern New Zealand, Southwest Pacific Ocean. Paleoceanography, 8(4): 435-458. Soons, J.M. 1979. Late Quaternary Environments in the Central South Island of New Zealand. New Zealand Geographer, 35:16-23. Suggate, R.P. 1965. Late Pleistocene Geology of the Northern Part of the South Island, New Zealand. Bulletin of the New Zealand Geological Survey, new series, 77: 91 pages. 1990. Late Pliocene and Quaternary Glaciations in New Zealand. Quaternary Science Reviews, 9:175-197. Suggate, R.P., and N.T. Moar 1970. Revision of the Chronology of the Late Otira Glacial. New Zealand Journal of Geology and Geophysics, 13:742-746. Trewick, S. 1996. Morphology and Evolution of Two Takahe: Flightless Rails of New Zealand. Journal of Zoology, London, 238:221-237.
NUMBER 89 Turbott, E.G., convener 1990. Checklist of the Birds of New Zealand and the Ross Dependency, Antarctica. Third edition, 247 pages. Aukland: Random Century in Association with the Ornithological Society of New Zealand, Inc. Worthy, T.H. 1989. Moas of the Subalpine Zone. Notornis, 36:191-196. 1990. An Analysis of the Distribution and Relative Abundance of Moa Species (Aves: Dinornithiformes). New Zealand Journal of Zoology, 17:213-241. 1993a. Fossils of Honeycomb Hill. 56 pages. Wellington, New Zealand: Museum of New Zealand Te Papa Tongarewa. 1993b. A Review of Fossil Bird Bones from Loess Deposits in Eastern South Island, New Zealand. Records of the Canterbury Museum, 10(8):95-106. 1997. Quaternary Fossil Fauna of South Canterbury, South Island, New Zealand. Journal of the Royal Society of New Zealand, 27(1): 67-172. Worthy, T.H., and R.N. Holdaway 1993. Quaternary Fossil Faunas from Caves in the Punakaiki Area, West 123 Coast, South Island, New Zealand. Journal of the Royal Society of New Zealand, 23(3): 147-254. 1994a. Quaternary Fossil Faunas from Caves in Takaka Valley and on Takaka Hill, Northwest Nelson, South Island, New Zealand. Journal of the Royal Society of New Zealand, 24(3):297-391. 1994b. Scraps from an Owl's Table—Predator Activity as a Significant Taphonomic Process Newly Recognised from New Zealand Fossil Deposits. Alcheringa, 18:229-245. 1995. Quaternary Fossil Faunas from Caves on Mt. Cookson, North Canterbury, South Island, New Zealand. Journal of the Royal Society of New Zealand, 25(3):333-370. 1996. Quaternary Fossil Faunas, Overlapping Taphonomies, and Palaeofaunal Reconstruction in North Canterbury, South Island, New Zealand. Journal of the Royal Society of New Zealand, 26(3): 275-361. Worthy, T.H., and D.C Mildenhall 1989. A Late Otiran-Holocene Paleoenvironment Reconstruction Based on Cave Excavations in Northwest Nelson, New Zealand. New Zealand Journal of Geology and Geophysics, 32:243-253.
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SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO PALEOB
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ABSTRACT Olson, Storrs L., editor.
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EARLY WATERFOWL (ANSERIFORMES) AND
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v m SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO PA
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localities, all of them situated in
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Bone of Sus scrofa Linnaeus, introd
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duboisi are larger than the largest
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8 iver (1897) but afterward were tr
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10 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO PAL
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16 Cor. Hum. Uln. Cpm. Fern. Tbt. T
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20 sometatarsus are proportionally
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22 Cor. Hum. Uln. Cpm. Fern. Tbt. T
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26 Cor. Hum. Cpm. Fern. Tbt. Tmt. P
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34 ability in such a way that it ca
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42 2km SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO
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Site 13 Research Base ENTRANCE Lowe
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48 the last has unusually slender w
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50 Si 5 15i 10- 5- 20 J 15 I 10 f 5
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Comparison of Paleoecological Patte
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NUMBER 89 69 TABLE 1.—Vertebrate
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Page 95 and 96: The History of the Chatham Islands'
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Page 101 and 102: NUMBER 89 91 anoramphus spp.), Chat
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Page 109 and 110: NUMBER 89 99 FIGURE 11.—Skulls of
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Page 165 and 166: NUMBER 89 155 the period studied. T
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172 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO PA
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174 ated with this specimen, see Mi
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The Fossil Record of Condors (Cicon
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NUMBER 89 179 FIGURE 2.—Geographi
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NUMBER 89 181 FIGURE 5.—Vulturida
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NUMBER 89 183 FIGURE 7.—Referred
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Two New Fossil Eagles from the Late
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NUMBER 89 187 TABLE 1.—Measuremen
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NUMBER 89 189 carpal trochlea relat
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NUMBER 89 191 FIGURE 4.—Holotypic
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NUMBER 89 193 We compared the parat
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NUMBER 89 195 FIGURE 6.—Distribut
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NUMBER 89 197 the Florida State Mus
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A New Genus of Dwarf Megapode (Gall
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NUMBER 89 201 lis hypotarsi along t
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NUMBER 89 203 The fossil is larger
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NUMBER 89 205 Clark, George A., Jr.
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A New Genus and Species of the Fami
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NUMBER 89 209 son with other known
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NUMBER 89 211 FIGURE 1.—Argornis
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NUMBER 89 213 AM AL AM AL AM AL AM
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NUMBER 89 215 caput humeri perpendi
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Selmes absurdipes, New Genus, New S
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NUMBER 89 219 FIGURE 2.—Selmes ab
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NUMBER 89 221 Costae: Deformed frag
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A Fossil Screamer (Anseriformes: An
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NUMBER 89 FIGURE 3.—Chaunoides an
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NUMBER 89 227 B C D FIGURE 6.—The
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NUMBER 89 229 FIGURE 9.—Right tib
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The Anseriform Relationships of Ana
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NUMBER 89 233 Subfamily ANATALAVINA
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NUMBER 89 235 mal was found under t
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NUMBER 89 237 tion, with retroartic
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NUMBER 89 FIGURE 7.—Sternum and p
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NUMBER 89 241 der. The bone is very
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NUMBER 89 243 Eocene records of the
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Presbyornis isoni and Other Late Pa
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NUMBER 89 255 FIGURE 1.—Referred
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NUMBER 89 257 vical vertebrae of th
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NUMBER 89 259 (Olson and Parris, 19
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274 America. Science, 214(4526): 12
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276 concerning the amphicoelous str
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278 ment of the radius that are con
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280 The left coracoid is represente
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284 Kurochkin, E.N. 1982. [New Orde
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288 Palaeontological Institute. [Sp
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290 1991). In this paper we use a "
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Implantation and Replacement of Bir
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NUMBER 89 297 saurs (Figure 1E-G).
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NUMBER 89 299 would seem unlikely a
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Humeral Rotation and Wrist Supinati
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NUMBER 89 303 apparent. It is now c
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NUMBER 89 305 FIGURE 3.—Dorsal vi
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NUMBER 89 307 FIGURE 4.—Wing of t
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NUMBER 89 309 Jura-Museums, Eichsta
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Early Evolution of Birds: Roundtabl
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338 evolved independently twice." M
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1 i'~L ,i "^ 1 •vw* HBB!/'' . m
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