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104 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO PALEOBIOLOGY above hard-pan deflation surface; 5355 ± 70 yrs BP; 6091 CAL BP; 6271-5935 CAL BP. NZA 3239: Gallirallus dieffenbachii, MNZ S33146; GR 456646; Long Beach, Milton's Gully site, in consolidated brown sand at seaward margin of and stratigraphically above hard-pan deflation surface; 5779 ±71 yrs BP; 6543 CAL BP; 6721-6405 CAL BP. NZA 2632: Hemiphaga chathamensis, MNZ S32545; GR 454653; Long Beach, -500 m N of Milton's Gully site. Orange brown bones in iron-stained sand. Site of former ephemeral dune lake? 4720 ± 87 yrs BP; ca. 5450 CAL BP; 5594-5057 CAL BP. Locality 4, Long Beach, N of Henga limestone bluffs (GR 450655) NZA 797: Pterodroma magentae, NMZ S26679; GR 447663; Long Beach, -350 m N of Henga bluffs. From uppermost 20 cm of typical brown sand/soil exposed in eroding hillocks -5 m a.s.l.; 3190 ± 130 yrs BP; 3025 CAL BP; 3321-2749 CAL BP. NZA 1934: Hemiphaga chathamensis, MNZ S27825; GR 447663; Long Beach, -350 m N of Henga bluffs. In situ in typical brown sand/soil exposed in eroding, seaward-extending ridge -5 m a.s.l.; 2200 ± 150 yrs BP; 2139 CAL BP; 2702-1739 CAL BP. NZA 2602: Hemiphaga chathamensis, MNZ S30584; GR 445669; Long Beach, in situ at -5 m a.s.l. in extensive, consolidated brown-sand horizon exposed on large, seaward-sloping deflation surface; 4165 ± 92 yrs BP; ca. 4700 CAL BP; 4835-4418 CAL BP. NZA 3245: Hemiphaga chathamensis, MNZ S33047; GR 445669; Long Beach, in situ at -7 m a.s.l. in extensive, consolidated, gray brown sand horizon exposed on large, seaward-sloping deflation surface; 4493 ± 66 yrs BP; ca. 5050 CAL BP; 5282^1872 CAL BP. NZA 3238: Fulica chathamensis, MNZ S33035; GR 445669; Long Beach, in situ at -3 m a.s.l. in consolidated brownsand horizon exposed on lower slopes of large, seaward-sloping deflation surface; 6879 ± 68 yrs BP; 7626 CAL BP; 7759-7529 CAL BP. NZA 1935: Fulica chathamensis, MNZ S27819; GR 443675; Long Beach, associated skeleton on extensive deflation surface, -2 m a.s.l. (former interdune lake?); 4990 ± 150 yrs BP; ca. 5737 CAL BP; 5988-5320 CAL BP. NZA 794: Pterodroma magentae, NMZ S25362; GR 436683; Long Beach, on 30 m high dune ridge, -200 m inland of shoreline. Site of former nesting colony? 3150 ± 150 yrs BP; 2982 CAL BP; 3351-2685 CAL BP. Locality 5, Lake Marakapia NZA 1932: Pteodroma magentae, MNZ S27823; GR 447677; Lake Marakapia, in situ (complete individual skele ton) in brown surface sand/soil of hilltop deflation area in farm pasture, -15 m a.s.l. Site of former nesting colony? 2390 ± 140 yrs BP; 2047 CAL BP; 2351-1702 CAL BP. NZA 1933: Pteodroma magentae; MNZ S27824: GR 447677; Lake Marakapia, in situ (complete individual skeleton) in yellow sand beneath brown surface sand/soil of hilltop deflation area in farm pasture. Site of former nesting colony?; 3310 ± 140 yrs BP; 3163 CAL BP; 3472-2814 CAL BP. Locality 6, Tennant's Lake NZA 795: Pterodroma magentae, MNZ S27008; GR 436693; Tennant's Lake, in situ (complete individual skeleton), -200 m inland of shoreline, -15 m a.s.l., on mosaic-cracked pan. Site of former nesting colony? 3420 ±210 yrs BP; 3299 CAL BP; 3790-2798 CAL BP. Locality 7, Ohira Bay NZA 3430: Hemiphaga chathamensis, MNZ S (uncataloged); GR 384717; Ohira Bay, on eastern slope in brown sand, -6 m a.s.l.; 4608 ± 66 yrs BP; ca. 5190 CAL BP; 5452^989 CAL BP. Locality 8, Waitangi West NZA 2611: Pterodroma magentae, MNZ S31189; GR 252752; Waitangi West, in older consolidated dune series, -50 m inland of shoreline, from dark brown sand/soil horizon, in places overlain by midden debris, -3 m a.s.l.; 1114 ± 82 yrs BP; 690 CAL BP; 856-547 CAL BP. NZA 3425: Pachyanas chathamica, MNZ S32638; GR 252752; Waitangi West, associated skeleton from low-lying deflation area, -2 m a.s.l., between foredunes and inland consolidated dune series; 1913 ± 62 yrs BP; 1792 CAL BP; 1935-1625 CAL BP. NZA 3285: Gallirallus dieffenbachii, MNZ S32639; GR 247764; Waitangi West, in inland dune series -3-4 m a.s.l., in brown sand/soil immediately beneath occupation-midden shell stratum; 887 ± 59 yrs BP; ca. 730 CAL BP; 906-667 CAL BP. NZA 3426: Cygnus sumnerensis, MNZ S (uncataloged); GR 247764; Waitangi West, in inland dune series -3-4 m a.s.l., in pale brown sand/soil 30 cm beneath sample NZA 3285; 2306 ± 63 yrs BP; ca. 2250 CAL BP; 2358-2077 CAL BP. NZA 2612: Gallirallus dieffenbachii, MNZ S31299; GR 250765; Waitangi West, from fine-grained, consolidated, pale brown sand (weathering to gray white), at -3-4 m a.s.l. on N bank of Waihi Creek, -200 m from outlet; 3625 ± 84 yrs BP; ca. 3880 CAL BP; 4088-3639 CAL BP.
NUMBER 89 Locality 9, Western Maunganui Dunes (Cape Pattison E-Maunganui) NZA 1950: Paphies subtriangulatum, MNZ S27830; GR 277761; Maunganui, Midden Site, 50 m E of Moravian Mission Stone Cottage. Marine midden shell from uppermost 10 cm of chocolate brown soil horizon (-35 cm thick) overlying natural dune sequence; 760 ± 140 yrs BP; 395 CAL BP; 634-121 CAL BP. NZA 1949: Gallirallus dieffenbachii, MNZ S27831; GR 277761; Maunganui, Midden Site, 50 m E of Moravian Mission Stone Cottage. From brown, humic-stained dune sand, -40 cm below NZA 1950; 1340 ± 150 yrs BP; ca. 1200 CAL BP; 1501-931 CAL BP. NZA 1981: Gallirallus dieffenbachii, MNZ S27832; GR 277761; Maunganui, Midden Site, 50 m E of Moravian Mission Stone Cottage. From pale brown/gray, consolidated dune sand, -70 cm below NZA 1950; 1830 ± 150 yrs BP; 1702 CAL BP; 2008-1353 CAL BP. Locality 10, Mid-Maunganui Dunes (Maunganui E-Washout Creek) NZA 1947: Diaphorapteryx hawkinsi, MNZ S27828; GR 286760; Maunganui, in situ in pale brown, semiconsolidated foredune sand, 150 m E of Maunganui Bluff, -3 m a.s.l.; 1860 ± 150 yrs BP; 1734 CAL BP; 2102-1400 CAL BP. NZA 3608: Gallirallus dieffenbachii, MNZ S32892; GR 288760; Maunganui, -4 m a.s.l., in back-beach dune face, from upper level of -2 m thick, black brown (humicstained) dune sand, here overlain by 50 cm thick layer of occupation-midden shell; 677 ± 60 yrs BP; ca. 600 CAL BP; 667-535 CAL BP. NZA 2585: Gallirallus dieffenbachii, MNZ S29026; GR 289758; Maunganui, in brown sand of inland dune series, -6 m a.sl, -300 m W of distinctive Basalt Knob; 4282 ± 89 yrs BP; ca. 4750 CAL BP; 5024-4523 CAL BP. NZA 3189: Hemiphaga chathamensis, MNZ S32846; GR 289758; Maunganui, in brown sand of inland dune series, -6 m a.s.l., -300 m W of Basalt Knob. From fine, pale brown sand that seen laterally is overlain by thin (-10 cm) orange-colored sand layer (iron-stained) then 50 cm thick stratum of gray/black sandy soil. This sand/soil sequence here overlain by compact, 20 cm thick midden-shell layer, topped by recent drift sand; 4113 ± 67 yrs BP; ca. 4600 CAL BP; 4820^1411 CAL BP. NZA 3191: Diaphor apteryx hawkinsi, MNZ S32834; GR 292758; Maunganui, immediately E of Basalt Knob, within inland dune series, from brown sand near base of N wall of -8 m deep, nearly circular, steep-sided deflation hollow; 3857 ± 65 yrs BP; ca. 4200 CAL BP; 4406-3991 CAL BP. NZA 3190: Tadorna, species undescribed, MNZ S32830; GR 292758; Maunganui, immediately E of Basalt Knob, from pale brown sand layer, 2 m below (stratigraphically) brown sand from which NZA 3191 was obtained; 5291 ± 66 yrs BP; ca. 6030 CAL BP; 6187-5902 CAL BP. Locality 11, Eastern Maunganui Dunes (Washout Creek E-Tahatika Creek) 105 NZA 1982: Hemiphaga chathamensis, MNZ S27832; GR 307758; Maunganui, in inland dune series, -1.2 km E of Washout Creek (50 m W of Big Midden Site). From brown sand on south-facing deflation surface, -5-6 m a.s.l. (stratigraphic equivalent of NZA 3189, NZA 3287); 3760 ± 160 yrs BP; 4067 CAL BP; 4510-3635 CAL BP. NZA 2614: Gallirallus dieffenbachii, MNZ S32031; GR 308758; Maunganui, in inland dune series, -1.25 km E of Washout Creek (Big Midden Site). From dark-stained sand -30 cm beneath compact, 20 cm thick midden-shell horizon; 1390 ± 80 yrs BP; 1247 CAL BP; 1386-1069 CAL BP. NZA 3287: Diaphorapteryx hawkinsi, MNZ S (uncataloged); GR 308758; Maunganui, in inland dune series, -1.25 km E of Washout Creek (Big Midden Site). In situ in brown sand on south-sloping deflation surface, -5-6 m a.s.l. (stratigraphic equivalent of NZA 1982, NZA 3189); 3966 ± 60 yrs BP; 4350 CAL BP; 4517^152 CAL BP. NZA 2609: Hemiphaga chathamensis, MNZ S30778; GR 347771; Maunganui, on ridge crest of inland dune series, -500 m W of Tahatika Creek. In situ skeleton from pale brown sand at -1.2 m, beneath -10 cm thick, orange, iron-stained zone and brown black sandy soil, 30 cm thick, with rounded lag pebbles on surface; 3264 ± 84 yrs BP; ca. 3450 CAL BP; 3631-3218 CAL BP. NZA 3286: Pachyanas chathamica, MNZ S32634; GR 349773; Tahatika, in situ in pale, gray brown sand, on low foredune (-2 m a.s.l.), -250 m W of Tahatika Creek; 1529 ± 57 yrs BP; 1373 CAL BP; 1502-1293 CAL BP. NZA 3284: Fulica chathamensis, MNZ S (uncataloged); GR 351772; Tahatika, from gullied, older red brown (iron-stained) sand, -4 m a.s.l., on seaward (N) slopes of inland dune series, -150 m W of Tahatika Creek; 3296 ± 59 yrs BP; ca. 3450 CAL BP; 3621-3361 CAL BP. NZA 796: Cygnus sumnerensis, MNZ S26482; GR 354773; Tahatika, from seaward foredune slope, -2 m a.s.l., 250 m E of Tahatika Creek (stratigraphic equivalent of NZA 3286); 1490 ± 130 yrs BP; 1351 CAL BP; 1606-1068 CAL BP. NZA 1937: Cygnus sumnerensis, MNZ S27827; GR 354773; Tahatika, from brown sand forming nearly level deflation surface inland of foredune slope (cf. NZA 796), -3 m a.s.l., 250 m E of Tahatika Creek; 1420 ± 140 yrs BP; 1276 CAL BP; 1533-985 CAL BP. NZA 2603: Cygnus sumnerensis, MNZ S30709; GR 354773; Tahatika, from brown sand ridge upon main deflation surface (cf. NZA 1937), -3 m a.s.l., -300 m E of Tahatika Creek ; 792 ± 77 yrs BP; ca. 700 CAL BP; 891-549 CAL BP.
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»'' § "S^ iFjwtM . •- .m-i Avia
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SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO PALEOB
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ABSTRACT Olson, Storrs L., editor.
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EARLY WATERFOWL (ANSERIFORMES) AND
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v m SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO PA
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localities, all of them situated in
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Bone of Sus scrofa Linnaeus, introd
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duboisi are larger than the largest
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8 iver (1897) but afterward were tr
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10 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO PAL
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16 Cor. Hum. Uln. Cpm. Fern. Tbt. T
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20 sometatarsus are proportionally
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22 Cor. Hum. Uln. Cpm. Fern. Tbt. T
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26 Cor. Hum. Cpm. Fern. Tbt. Tmt. P
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34 ability in such a way that it ca
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42 2km SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO
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Site 13 Research Base ENTRANCE Lowe
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48 the last has unusually slender w
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50 Si 5 15i 10- 5- 20 J 15 I 10 f 5
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NUMBER 89 155 the period studied. T
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NUMBER 89 157 Walker, C.A., G.M. Wr
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160 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO PA
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164 Vl 620 M 570 £ 520 S 470f •
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166 birds, such as the two species
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170 cional Autonoma de Mexico, for
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174 ated with this specimen, see Mi
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The Fossil Record of Condors (Cicon
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NUMBER 89 179 FIGURE 2.—Geographi
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NUMBER 89 181 FIGURE 5.—Vulturida
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NUMBER 89 183 FIGURE 7.—Referred
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Two New Fossil Eagles from the Late
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NUMBER 89 187 TABLE 1.—Measuremen
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NUMBER 89 189 carpal trochlea relat
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NUMBER 89 191 FIGURE 4.—Holotypic
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NUMBER 89 193 We compared the parat
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NUMBER 89 195 FIGURE 6.—Distribut
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NUMBER 89 197 the Florida State Mus
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A New Genus of Dwarf Megapode (Gall
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NUMBER 89 201 lis hypotarsi along t
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NUMBER 89 203 The fossil is larger
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NUMBER 89 205 Clark, George A., Jr.
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A New Genus and Species of the Fami
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NUMBER 89 209 son with other known
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NUMBER 89 211 FIGURE 1.—Argornis
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NUMBER 89 213 AM AL AM AL AM AL AM
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NUMBER 89 215 caput humeri perpendi
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Selmes absurdipes, New Genus, New S
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NUMBER 89 219 FIGURE 2.—Selmes ab
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NUMBER 89 221 Costae: Deformed frag
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A Fossil Screamer (Anseriformes: An
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NUMBER 89 FIGURE 3.—Chaunoides an
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NUMBER 89 227 B C D FIGURE 6.—The
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NUMBER 89 229 FIGURE 9.—Right tib
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The Anseriform Relationships of Ana
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NUMBER 89 233 Subfamily ANATALAVINA
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NUMBER 89 235 mal was found under t
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NUMBER 89 237 tion, with retroartic
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NUMBER 89 FIGURE 7.—Sternum and p
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NUMBER 89 241 der. The bone is very
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NUMBER 89 243 Eocene records of the
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Presbyornis isoni and Other Late Pa
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NUMBER 89 255 FIGURE 1.—Referred
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NUMBER 89 257 vical vertebrae of th
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NUMBER 89 259 (Olson and Parris, 19
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274 America. Science, 214(4526): 12
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276 concerning the amphicoelous str
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278 ment of the radius that are con
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280 The left coracoid is represente
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284 Kurochkin, E.N. 1982. [New Orde
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288 Palaeontological Institute. [Sp
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290 1991). In this paper we use a "
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Implantation and Replacement of Bir
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NUMBER 89 297 saurs (Figure 1E-G).
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NUMBER 89 299 would seem unlikely a
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Humeral Rotation and Wrist Supinati
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NUMBER 89 303 apparent. It is now c
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NUMBER 89 305 FIGURE 3.—Dorsal vi
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NUMBER 89 307 FIGURE 4.—Wing of t
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NUMBER 89 309 Jura-Museums, Eichsta
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Early Evolution of Birds: Roundtabl
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338 evolved independently twice." M
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1 i'~L ,i "^ 1 •vw* HBB!/'' . m
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