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76 SCOTTISH ANNALS
one less than thirty winters old. And soon after this the
king led all his ship-army to Chester ; and there came six
kings to meet him, and they all plighted their faith to him,
that they would be his helpers on sea and land. 1
FLORENCE or WORCESTER, CHRONICON, VOL. I, PP. 142-143,
S.A. 973. 2
Edgar, the peaceful king of the English,
anointed king. Then after a time he sailed with a huge fleet
round northern Britain, 3 and landed at Chester.
. . . was
And his eight under-kings met him as he commanded ;
to wit, Kenneth, king of the Scots ; Malcolm, king of the
4 Cumbrians ; Maccus, king of very many islands ; and five
others, Dufnal, Siferth, Huwal, Jacob, Juchil and swore
;
that they would be his faithful helpers both on land and on
sea.
And on a certain day he entered a boat with them, and,
placing them at the oars, himself took the rudder's helm,
and steered skilfully through the stream of the river Dee,
while all the crowd of earls and nobles accompanied him in
similar craft and he ;
proceeded from the palace to the monastery
of St. John the Baptist. And after praying there he
1 "
H. of H., 166 : And after Pentecost he led his army to Chester ;
arid to meet him there came six kings, who were all subject to his dominion.
And they all gave him the allegiance (fidem) due to their lord, that they would
serve him at his command by land and sea."
2 For this fable cf. W. of M., G.R., i, 165. S. of D., H.R., ii, 130-131.
Hoved., i, 63-64. Letter of Nicholas, monk of Worcester, to Edmer ; in
(Stubbs, Dunstan, 423.
De Pr. Sax. Adv., in S. of D., ii, 372 :
"
After [Edwy, reigned] his brother
Edgar, son of Edmund. And to him eight kings were subject, namely Kenneth,
king of the Scots, and Malcolm, king of the Cumbrians, and Maccus,
king of very many islands, and other five." Another MS. reads " seven
kings."
Cf. seven signatories to a charter (not genuine) of Edgar, 3rd June, 966,
in Kemble, Cod. Dipl., ii, 413. Edgar had begun in his charters to call
himself " king of all Britain " ; e.g., in 961, ibid., 375 ; in 963, ibid., 391.
Previously he had called himself " governor and ruler of all Britain," as in
961 ; ibid., 372.
3 Cf. Fl. of W., i, 143-144 :
"
Therefore while he lived [Edgar] gathered
to himself 3,600 strong ships ; and of these every year, when the solemnity of
Easter was concluded, he was accustomed to collect 1200 on the eastern, 1200
and to row to the
on the western, 1200 on the northern shore of the island ;
western fleet with the eastern, and, sending it back, to the northern fleet with
the western ; and, sending that back, with the northern fleet to the eastern,
and in this way to circumnavigate the whole island every summer, doing this
manfully to defend his kingdom against outsiders, and to train himself and
his men to warlike uses." So S. of D., H.R., ii, 131. Cf. W. of M., G.R., i,
177-178.
4 The king of Strathclyde at this time was Donald, son of Eogan.