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68 SCOTTISH ANNALS
934
SYMEON OF DURHAM, HISTOBIA REGUM, VOL. II, P. 93. 1
Thereupon 2 he subdued the enemy, 3 and wasted
Scotland with a land army as far as Dunnottar 4 and Werter-
moor, 5 and with a naval force harried it as far as Caithness. 6
934
SYMEON OF DURHAM, HISTORIA DUNELMENSIS EGOLESS,
VOL. I, P. 76.
He then put to flight Owen, king of the Cumbrians, and
Constantin, king of the Scots ; and with an army on land and
7
in ships he subdued Scotland, subjugating it to himself.
1 Cf. S. of D., ii, 124 ; xxxiii. Hoved., i, 54.
2 After making munificent offerings
at St. Cuthbert's shrine. Ethel-
stan's victory is attributed to the same cause in S. of D., H.D.E., i, 75-76 ;
His. de S.C., in S. of D., i, 211-212 ; (cf. ibid., i, 76, note ;) Hoved., i, 54. This
policy had been recommended to him by his father Edward, His. de S.C.,
u.s., 210-211.
The offerings and credit for the victory are given to John of Beverley in
W.K., Mir. S. J., in Raine's York, i, 263-264. Cf . Mir. S. J., Contin. a, ibid.,
294-298. Cf. Dugdale, Mon. Angl., e.g. ii, 129.
3 "
With the greatest violence," adds Hoved.
4
Dunfoeder. So also S. of D., ii, 124. Hoved., i, 54. Cf. Skene,
P. & S., cxxxvii.
5 "
Wertermorum, warder mountains." So also S. of D., Hoved., u.s.
(A. S. mora, morum =montes, montibus, A.S. Vers. of Bede, H.E., 358, 364.
Cf. supra, s.a. 565, note. In A.S.C.,s.a. 878 (MS. C, s.a. 879) mor = swamp.
Cf. Plummer, S.C., ii, 15-16). Located as Wedder Hill by Arnold, S. of D.,
ii, p. xxxiii ; as Kirriemuir by Skene, C.S., i, 352.
6 " And harried Scotland for the most part," S. of D., ii, 124.
7 Cf. Fl. of W., i, 131 :
" And for the most part harried it. For Con-
stantin, king of the Scots, broke the treaty which he had made with him. [v.
supra, s.a. 926.] And hence king Constantin being compelled by force
gave him, along with worthy gifts, his own son as hostage.
" And peace was restored, and the king returned to Wessex."
Cf. S. of D., H.R., ii, 124. Hoved., i, 54.
W.K., Mir. S. J., in Raine's York, i, 263 :
"
The Northumbrians and
Scots rebelled against [Ethelstan] and transgressed the treaty which they
had made with him. And when the king had collected a very large army,
he advanced to subdue the guilty ones by land and sea."
" And when the Scots
Mir. S. J., Contin. a, in Raine's York, i, 295 :
heard that the English army was approaching they dared not await them
in [English] territory, nor oppose them in a battle in the open ; but crossed
the river which is called the Forth (Scotorum Vadum), that they might pre-
within their own borders. And when
pare to resist in battle more safely
king [Ethelstan] came to the river with the whole army of the English, he
learned that the Scots had crossed ; and he instructed his men to pitch their
tents on the bank of the river, and to await there for some while."
W.K., Mir. S. J., u.s., 264 (after Ethelstan's vision of St. John of Bever-
ley) : "And
when morning broke king [Ethelstan] fell upon the enemy
of Scotland to surren-
and obtained the victory, and compelled the king