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68 SCOTTISH ANNALS<br />
934<br />
SYMEON OF DURHAM, HISTOBIA REGUM, VOL. II, P. 93. 1<br />
T<strong>here</strong>upon 2 he subdued the enemy, 3 and wasted<br />
<strong>Scotland</strong> with a land army as far as Dunnottar 4 and Werter-<br />
moor, 5 and with a naval force harried it as far as Caithness. 6<br />
934<br />
SYMEON OF DURHAM, HISTORIA DUNELMENSIS EGOLESS,<br />
VOL. I, P. 76.<br />
He then put to flight Owen, k<strong>in</strong>g of the Cumbrians, and<br />
Constant<strong>in</strong>, k<strong>in</strong>g of the Scots ; and with an army on land and<br />
7<br />
<strong>in</strong> ships he subdued <strong>Scotland</strong>, subjugat<strong>in</strong>g it to himself.<br />
1 Cf. S. of D., ii, 124 ; xxxiii. Hoved., i, 54.<br />
2 After mak<strong>in</strong>g munificent offer<strong>in</strong>gs<br />
at St. Cuthbert's shr<strong>in</strong>e. Ethel-<br />
stan's victory is attributed to the same cause <strong>in</strong> S. of D., H.D.E., i, 75-76 ;<br />
His. de S.C., <strong>in</strong> S. of D., i, 211-212 ; (cf. ibid., i, 76, note ;) Hoved., i, 54. This<br />
policy had been recommended to him by his father Edward, His. de S.C.,<br />
u.s., 210-211.<br />
The offer<strong>in</strong>gs and credit for the victory are given to John of Beverley <strong>in</strong><br />
W.K., Mir. S. J., <strong>in</strong> Ra<strong>in</strong>e's York, i, 263-264. Cf . Mir. S. J., Cont<strong>in</strong>. a, ibid.,<br />
294-298. Cf. Dugdale, Mon. Angl., e.g. ii, 129.<br />
3 "<br />
With the greatest violence," adds Hoved.<br />
4<br />
Dunfoeder. So also S. of D., ii, 124. Hoved., i, 54. Cf. Skene,<br />
P. & S., cxxxvii.<br />
5 "<br />
Wertermorum, warder mounta<strong>in</strong>s." So also S. of D., Hoved., u.s.<br />
(A. S. mora, morum =montes, montibus, A.S. Vers. of Bede, H.E., 358, 364.<br />
Cf. supra, s.a. 565, note. In A.S.C.,s.a. 878 (MS. C, s.a. 879) mor = swamp.<br />
Cf. Plummer, S.C., ii, 15-16). Located as Wedder Hill by Arnold, S. of D.,<br />
ii, p. xxxiii ; as Kirriemuir by Skene, C.S., i, 352.<br />
6 " And harried <strong>Scotland</strong> for the most part," S. of D., ii, 124.<br />
7 Cf. Fl. of W., i, 131 :<br />
" And for the most part harried it. For Con-<br />
stant<strong>in</strong>, k<strong>in</strong>g of the Scots, broke the treaty which he had made with him. [v.<br />
supra, s.a. 926.] And hence k<strong>in</strong>g Constant<strong>in</strong> be<strong>in</strong>g compelled by force<br />
gave him, along with worthy gifts, his own son as hostage.<br />
" And peace was restored, and the k<strong>in</strong>g returned to Wessex."<br />
Cf. S. of D., H.R., ii, 124. Hoved., i, 54.<br />
W.K., Mir. S. J., <strong>in</strong> Ra<strong>in</strong>e's York, i, 263 :<br />
"<br />
The Northumbrians and<br />
Scots rebelled aga<strong>in</strong>st [Ethelstan] and transgressed the treaty which they<br />
had made with him. And when the k<strong>in</strong>g had collected a very large army,<br />
he advanced to subdue the guilty ones by land and sea."<br />
" And when the Scots<br />
Mir. S. J., Cont<strong>in</strong>. a, <strong>in</strong> Ra<strong>in</strong>e's York, i, 295 :<br />
heard that the English army was approach<strong>in</strong>g they dared not await them<br />
<strong>in</strong> [English] territory, nor oppose them <strong>in</strong> a battle <strong>in</strong> the open ; but crossed<br />
the river which is called the Forth (Scotorum Vadum), that they might pre-<br />
with<strong>in</strong> their own borders. And when<br />
pare to resist <strong>in</strong> battle more safely<br />
k<strong>in</strong>g [Ethelstan] came to the river with the whole army of the English, he<br />
learned that the Scots had crossed ; and he <strong>in</strong>structed his men to pitch their<br />
tents on the bank of the river, and to await t<strong>here</strong> for some while."<br />
W.K., Mir. S. J., u.s., 264 (after Ethelstan's vision of St. John of Bever-<br />
ley) : "And<br />
when morn<strong>in</strong>g broke k<strong>in</strong>g [Ethelstan] fell upon the enemy<br />
of <strong>Scotland</strong> to surren-<br />
and obta<strong>in</strong>ed the victory, and compelled the k<strong>in</strong>g