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PROM ENGLISH CHRONICLERS 299<br />

1 1 88, Mar.<br />

BENEDICT OF PETERBOROUGH, VOL. II, PP. 234-235. x<br />

" Bishop Clement, servant of the servants of God, to his<br />

dearest son <strong>in</strong> Christ, William, illustrious k<strong>in</strong>g of the Scots,<br />

greet<strong>in</strong>g and apostolic benediction.<br />

" While all subjects to the yoke of Christ ought to f<strong>in</strong>d <strong>in</strong><br />

the apostolic see patronage, and honour, and favour ; yet it is<br />

befitt<strong>in</strong>g that those should more especially be cherished by the<br />

defence of protection, whose faith and devotion has been tried<br />

<strong>in</strong> many th<strong>in</strong>gs ; that they may be provoked so much the more<br />

to the favour of love for it, and be brought under a so much<br />

devouter affection of reverence for it, as they know that they<br />

have more surely atta<strong>in</strong>ed a pledge of its benevolence and grace.<br />

"<br />

For <strong>this</strong> cause, dearest son <strong>in</strong> Christ, consider<strong>in</strong>g the<br />

reverence and devotion which we know that thou hast had from<br />

times long ago for the Roman church, we have thought fit to<br />

decree <strong>in</strong> the charter of the present writ<strong>in</strong>g that the Scottish<br />

church owes subjection only to the apostolic see, whose spiritual<br />

daughter she is, with mediation of none. And <strong>in</strong> it are known<br />

to be these episcopal sees, the churches namely of St. Andrews,<br />

of Glasgow, of Dunkeld, of Dunblane, of Brech<strong>in</strong>, of Aberdeen,<br />

of Moray, of Ross, of Caithness. 2<br />

" And let none pronounce a sentence of <strong>in</strong>terdict or excommunication<br />

upon the k<strong>in</strong>gdom of <strong>Scotland</strong>, except the Roman<br />

pontiff or a legate sent from his side : and if it be pronounced,<br />

we decree that it is not valid.<br />

"We add that it is not permitted for any henceforth who is<br />

not of the k<strong>in</strong>gdom of <strong>Scotland</strong> to exercise <strong>in</strong> it the office of<br />

legate, except one whom the apostolic see has specially sent<br />

from its own side for <strong>this</strong> purpose.<br />

"And we forbid that controversies which may arise <strong>in</strong> the<br />

k<strong>in</strong>gdom about its possessions be carried to the judgment of<br />

arbiters placed outside the k<strong>in</strong>gdom, unless appeal be made<br />

to the Roman church.<br />

1 Cf. Hoved., ii, 360-361 ; (iii, 172-174), MSS. A and G. In Hoved.,<br />

" In the same year William,<br />

ii, 360, the letter is preceded by <strong>this</strong> sentence :<br />

k<strong>in</strong>g of Scots, sent his messengers to Clement, the chief pontiff, and obta<strong>in</strong>ed<br />

from him letters of his protection, <strong>in</strong> <strong>this</strong> form."<br />

This letter is placed by Benedict among events of 1191. Hoveden<br />

(MSS. A and G), plac<strong>in</strong>g it under the same year, ascribes it to Celest<strong>in</strong>e III ;<br />

but his first 13th of March <strong>in</strong> the papacy was <strong>in</strong> 1192 ; and both MSS. refer<br />

from it to the same letter given by them under 1188, and ascribed to Clement<br />

III. Cf. the notes <strong>in</strong> Hoved., iii, 172-173 ; ii, 360 ; B. of P., ii, 234.<br />

These facts support the authorship of Clement III, and the date 1188.<br />

2<br />

to York.<br />

Galloway is not <strong>in</strong>cluded. It was ecclesiastically subject

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