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FROM ENGLISH CHRONICLERS 13
among
the Scots
in exile 1 2
with many youths of the nobles
and Picts and there were instructed in the doctrine of the
;
Scots, and regenerated by the grace of baptism. .
. .
633
REGINALD OF DURHAM, VITA S. OSWALDI, IN S. OF D., VOL. I,
pp. 341-342.
But when king Edwin, [Oswald's] uncle, was slain by Cadwallon,
king of the Britons, and Penda, king of the Mercians, 3
Anfrid, the firstborn son of king Ethelfrid, returned from Scottish
exile, and took possession of his father's kingdom of the
Bernicians, 4 but only for one year.
634
And when after a year [Anfrid] was slain, St. Oswald, second
of the sons, succeeded him ;
5 but he reduced to himself the
empire of the kingdoms not of the Bernicians and Deirans alone,
but also of the Picts and of the Scots. And he joined Deira
and Bernicia into one united kingdom.
And these realms he held all his days. And in the tongues
which he had formerly learned he was for many days interpreter,
when Aidan preached the word of God to the rude
peoples on all sides subject to him.
1 " Along with their mother [Acha]," V.S. Osw., u.s.
According to A.S.C., MS. E, s.a. 617, Ethelfrid had seven sons, " Anfrid,
Oswald, and Oswy, Oslac, Oswudu, Oslaf, and Otha " L ; cf. Fl. of W., i, 10
s.a. 593, who adds " and one daughter called Ebba." Cf. W. of M., G.R.,
i, 48: "Ethelfrid . . . had had two sons by Acha, the daughter of Elle
[king of the Deirans,] and sister of Edwin : Oswald, aged twelve years,
and Oswy, four years.
And by the care of their guardians they escaped by
flight, and retired to Scotland."
During his sojourn in Scotland Oswald " completely learned " the
Scottish tongue, and was able to interpret when Aidan preached ; Bede,
H.E., III, 3 ; i, 132. Cf. R. of D., V.S. Osw., in S. of D., i, 341-342, infra.
W. of M., G.R. i, 51-52. S. of D., H.D.E., i, 18.
His brother Oswy was " very well versed in their language," Bede,
H.E., III, 25 ; i, 182.
Anfrid may have been the father of the Pictish king Talorg mac Anfrith.
Cf. Skene, P. & S., pp. cii, cxviii, f. Cf. infra, s.a. 685, note.
" With twelve men," V.S. Osw., in S. of D., i, 367.
3 Edwin was slain in the battle of Hatfield, 633, October 12 : Bede,
" along with ... the
H.E., II, 20, i, 124 ; October 14, A.S.C., MS. E ;
king of the Orkneys, Godbold, who had come to [the Northumbrians'] aid,"
says G. of M., xii, 8.
4 At the same time Osric, son of Edwin's uncle Elfric, had Deira : Bede,
H.E., III, 1, i, 127 ; A.S.C., MS. E, s.a. 634 ; Ser. Reg. North., in S. of D.,
ii, 390.
5
Before his victory over Cadwallon at Denisesburn (Bede, H.E., III, 1 ;
i, 128) Oswald had a vision of St. Columba, foretelling his success ; R. of D.,
V.S.O., in S. of D., i, 367.