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12 SCOTTISH ANNALS<br />

And <strong>in</strong> <strong>this</strong> battle also Theodbald, brother of Ethelfrid,<br />

was sla<strong>in</strong> with almost all<br />

1<br />

the army which he led.<br />

And Ethelfrid accomplished <strong>this</strong> battle to wit <strong>in</strong> the year<br />

from the <strong>in</strong>carnation of the Lord 603, and the eleventh year of<br />

his k<strong>in</strong>gship, which he held for four and twenty years ; moreover<br />

<strong>in</strong> the first year of Phocas, who then held the summit<br />

of the Roman realm. 2<br />

And never from that time has any of the k<strong>in</strong>gs of Scots<br />

even to <strong>this</strong> day dared to come to battle <strong>in</strong> Brita<strong>in</strong> aga<strong>in</strong>st the<br />

nation of the Angles. 3<br />

616x617<br />

BEDE, HISTOBIA ECCLESIASTICA, IT, 9 ; VOL. I, p. 97. 4<br />

And for <strong>this</strong> k<strong>in</strong>g [Edw<strong>in</strong>], to wit, the power of his earthly<br />

empire also had <strong>in</strong>creased, <strong>in</strong> token of his receiv<strong>in</strong>g the faith<br />

and the heavenly k<strong>in</strong>gdom ;<br />

so that he received under his sway<br />

(as none of the Angles before him) all the territories of Brita<strong>in</strong>,<br />

w<strong>here</strong> dwelt the prov<strong>in</strong>ces either of [the Angles] themselves or<br />

of the Britons. And also the Mevanian isles ... he reduced<br />

to the empire of the Angles.<br />

616 x 617<br />

BEDE, HISTORIA ECCLESIASTICA, III, 1 ; VOL. I,<br />

p. 127. 5<br />

. . . For the whole time that Edw<strong>in</strong> reigned, the sons of<br />

the aforesaid k<strong>in</strong>g Ethelfrid, who had reigned before him, were<br />

1 " With all his band," A.S.C., MS. E.<br />

2 Phocas succeeded on the 23rd November, 602 (Gibbon. )<br />

Ethelfrid's father<br />

Ethelric, k<strong>in</strong>g of Bernicia, had annexed Deira upon the death of Elle ;<br />

A.S.C., MSS. A,B,C,E, s.a. 588. Ethelfrid succeeded <strong>in</strong> 593 (A.S.C., MS. E)<br />

and ruled both k<strong>in</strong>gdoms. Elle's son Edw<strong>in</strong> did not ga<strong>in</strong> the k<strong>in</strong>gdom till<br />

616x617.<br />

3<br />

A.S.C., MS. E.<br />

" S<strong>in</strong>ce then no k<strong>in</strong>g of the Scots dared lead an army<br />

<strong>in</strong>to <strong>this</strong> nation."<br />

" Her<strong>in</strong>g, son of Hussa, led the army thither."<br />

4 Cf. A.S. Vers., i, 118, 120.<br />

Alcu<strong>in</strong>, Carmen, <strong>in</strong> Ra<strong>in</strong>e's York, i, 353 : "And now with bowed necks<br />

passed under k<strong>in</strong>g [Edw<strong>in</strong>'s] yoke the people of the Saxons, the Pict, the Scot,<br />

the Briton."<br />

This is amplified by W. of M., G.R., i, 49-50 :<br />

"<br />

. . . not only the nations<br />

of Brita<strong>in</strong>, the Angles, Scots and Picts, but also the Orkney and Mevanian<br />

isles . . . both feared his arms and bowed to his authority." Ibid., 49 :<br />

"<br />

. . . t<strong>here</strong> was no prov<strong>in</strong>ce of Brita<strong>in</strong> which did not look for his behest,<br />

<strong>read</strong>y to obey ; except the men of Kent alone."<br />

5 A.S. Vers., i, 152. Cf. R. of D., V.S.O., <strong>in</strong> S. of D., i, 341. De Pr.<br />

Sax. Adv., <strong>in</strong> S. of D., ii, 375. W. of M., G.R., i, 51. Life of Eata, <strong>in</strong> Ra<strong>in</strong>e's<br />

Hexh., i, 211. Ann. of L<strong>in</strong>d., <strong>in</strong> M.G.H., SS., xix, 503, s.a. 617.

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