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SCOTTISH ANNALS 5
Now there is a very great gulf of the sea, which anciently
separated the nation of the Britons from the Picts. And it
runs inland for a long space from the west, where stands even
to-day the very strong city of the Britons, which is called Alcluith.
1 And to the northern side, to wit, of this gulf came the
Scots, as we have said, and made for themselves the place of
their abode.
547
BEDE, HISTORIA ECCLESIASTICA, V, 24, RECAPITULATION VOL.
I, P. 353.
In the year 547 Ida began to reign ;
2 and from him the
royal line of the Northumbrians takes its origin.
continued in the kingdom for twelve years.
And he
" And of the work there built
the two gulfs, Bede says (H.E., I, 12, i. : 26)
that is, of a very broad and high rampart, even to-day the surest traces
may be seen. It begins at a distance of nearly two miles westward from
the monastery of Abercorn, in a place which is called in the Pictish speech
Peanfahel, and Penneltun in the English tongue ; and running westwards
ends near the town of Alcluith."
E. W. B. Nicholson, Keltic Researches, 22-24, understands Peanfahel as
Pinna valli, and identifies it with Blackness.
"
Bede, H.E., I, 11 ; i, 25 : And [the Romans] dwelt within the rampart
" "
[A.S. Vers. reads : the Britons dwelt to the south of the dyke,"]
"
which we have related that Severus made across the island, to the district
in the south, as cities, watchtowers [farus], bridges and roads there made
still testify to-day. But by right of dominion they possessed the farther
parts of Britain, and indeed the islands which lie beyond Britain."
1 Dumbarton.
2 Ida was the founder of the Anglian kingdom of Bernicia (cf . Bede,
H.E., I, 15 ; i, 31 ;) A.S.C., MSS. A,B,C,D,E,F, s.a. 547 ; Fl. of W., i, 5.
His. Britt., in M.G.H., AA., xiii, 130 (Nen.), 201, 205. Ethelw., in M.H.B.,
504. R. of D., V.S. Osw., in S. of D., i, 338-339. H. of H., 50.
Bernicia included Lothian and Teviotdale, extending in Bede's day as
far as to Abercorn on the Forth (H.E., IV, 26, infra s.a. 685) and westwards
to Whithorn (H.E., III, 4, infra s.a. 565. Cf. Fl. of W., i, 279, 280 ; W. of
M., G.P., 256, 257 ; infra, s.a. 731, notes.)
Genealogies of Ida's predecessors are given by His. Britt., in M.G.H.,
AA., xiii, 202. Ser. Reg. North., in S. of D., ii, 389 ; A.S.C., MSS. B,C,
s.a. 547 Fl. ; of W., i, 5. H. of H., 50. Cf. J. of E., in Fl. of W., ii, 250-251.
For his successors cf. His. Britt., u.s., 206-208 ; and in agreement with
" After
it the Northumbrian Annals, in M.H.B., 290 (cf. S. of D., H.R., 14) :
him Clappa [reigned] one year ; Adda, 8 ; Ethelric, 4 [in S. of D., 7] ; Theodric,
7 [in S. of D., 4] ; Frithwald, 6 [in S. of D., 7] ; Hussa, 7 Ethelfrid
;
24 [in S. of D., 28] ; Edwin, 17. . . ."
De Pr. Sax. Adv., in S. of D., ii, 374 ; R. of D., V.S.O., in S. of D., i,
339 ; and S. of D., H.D.E., i, 40, give the series thus : Adda, 8 ; Clappa, 1 ;
Hussa, 7 ; Frithulf, 7 ; Theodric, 7 ; Ethelric, 4 ; Ethelfrid, 24. Different
accounts are given by Ser. Reg. North., in S. of D., ii, 390, and by Fl. of W.,
i, 6.
For a list of Ida's sons see S. of D., H.D.E., i, 40 ; De Pr. Sax. Adv.,
ibid., ii, 374. Cf. His. Britt., u.s., 202.