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FROM ENGLISH CHRONICLERS 203
southerns in such an onslaught that they compelled the first
spearmen to forsake their post ; but they were driven off
again by the strength of the knights, and [the spearmen]
recovered their courage and strength against the foe. l
And when the frailty of the Scottish lances was mocked by
the denseness of iron and wood they drew their swords and
attempted to contend at close quarters. But the southern flies
swarmed forth from the caves of their quivers, and flew like
closest rain ; and irksomely attacking the opponents' breasts,
faces and eyes, very greatly impeded their attack. 2
Like a hedgehog with its quills, so would you see a Galwegian
bristling all round with arrows, and none the less brandishing
his sword and in blind madness rushing forward now smite a
foe, now lash the air with useless strokes.
HENRY OF HUNTINGDON, HISTORIA ANGLORUM, p. 264. 3
Thus the chief leader of the men of Lothian 4 was struck by
an arrow he ; fell, and his whole nation turned in flight. For
God above was offended against them, and all their valour was
broken like spiders' webs.
And seeing this the chief line of Scots, fighting most keenly
in another part, lost courage and yielded to flight.
AlLRED OF RlEVAULX, DE STANDARDO, IN CHRONICLES OF
STEPHEN, ETC., VOL. Ill, PP. 196-1 97. 5
And struck with panic all the rear were on the point of melting
into flight, when the noble youth, king [David's] son, came
1
Cf. H.
"
of H., 263, 264 : The beginning of the : fight when the line
of the men of Lothian, who had extorted from the Scots' king against his will
the honour of the first blow, smote with their thonged javelins and very long
spears upon the line of our knights, they found them impenetrable as if they
struck against a wall of iron. . . . For the whole nation of the Normans and
the English were massed together in one array around the Standard, and
stood immovable." So Hoved., i, 195. Cf. M.P., Chr. Maj., ii, 169; H.A.,
i, 259-260.
"
J. of H., in S. of D., ii, 293 : The Scots were placed in the front rank ;
for they as one man claimed this for themselves, because of the dignity of
their race. And they, naked and almost unarmed, advanced against columns
mailed and thus invulnerable."
Both H. of H. and J. of H. avoid the name of " Galwegians " for the
men in the van of the Scottish army.
2 "
H. of H., 263-264 : But the archers, scattered among the knights,
beclouded and transfixed those truly unarmed men."
3 So Hoved., i, 195. Cf. M.P., Chr. Maj., ii, 169.
4 Cf. supra, note. (Gospatric II, earl of Dunbar, died about this time.)
5 Cf. H. of H., 264 :
" But the king's most vigorous son paid no heed
to what he saw was being done by his side, but yearned solely after glory
and valour ; and while the others fled he assailed with great bravery the
enemy's line, and smote it with a wonderful onslaught.
" For his company alone remained on horseback, being composed of